I'm going to assume that there is something in A1 but the way you are describing the problem, you could just as easily write a constant in the formula you are using in cells E1 to E10 and F1 to F10
The trick is to refer to A1 as $A$1 which means that E1 to E10 isn't going to get creative and start looking for things in a1 to a10.
Here is an actual table made from what I think you mean
1 113 114
2 114 116
3 115 118
4 116 120
5 117 122
6 118 124
7 119 126
8 120 128
9 121 130
10 122 132
1 to 10 on the left is in column D
A1 contains 112
In column E the enteries from 1 to 10 simply take = $A$1 + d1
Column F uses $A$1 and adds 2*d to 112
Here is the chart shown in formula form.
1 =D1+$A$1 =$A$1 + 2*D1
2 =D2+$A$1 =$A$1 + 2*D2
3 =D3+$A$1 =$A$1 + 2*D3
4 =D4+$A$1 =$A$1 + 2*D4
5 =D5+$A$1 =$A$1 + 2*D5
6 =D6+$A$1 =$A$1 + 2*D6
7 =D7+$A$1 =$A$1 + 2*D7
8 =D8+$A$1 =$A$1 + 2*D8
9 =D9+$A$1 =$A$1 + 2*D9
10 =D10+$A$1 =$A$1 + 2*D10
Remember that 1 to 10 is in d1 to d10