(Answer) (d) Chemical reaction rates vary with the conditions of the reaction, but nuclear decay rates do not.
Rate of a chemical reaction refers to rate of formation of products from reactions during a chemical reaction. The rates of chemical reactions depend on various factors such as temperature, pressure, concentration of reactants, presence of catalyst etc. For this reason, chemical reaction rates vary with the conditions of the reaction.
Nuclear decay rate refers to the constant ratio of the number of atoms of radioactive nucleus that decay during a certain interval of time to the total number of radioactive atoms at the beginning of the time interval. Nuclear decay rates are constant and do not vary with the conditions of the reaction.
<span>Heat capacity is the ratio of the amount of heat energy transferred to an object to the resulting increase in its temperature. Molar heat capacity is a ..... Data collected during a constant-pressure calorimetry experiment can be used to calculate the heat capacity of an unknown substance</span>
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Answer:
The equilibrium partial pressure of O2 is 0.545 atm
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Partial pressure of SO2 = 0.409 atm
Partial pressure of O2 = 0.601 atm
At equilibrium, the partial pressure of SO2 was 0.297 atm.
Step 2: The balanced equation
2SO2 + O2 ⇆ 2SO3
Step 3: The initial pressure
pSO2 = 0.409 atm
pO2 = 0.601 atm
pSO3 = 0 atm
Step 4: Calculate the pressure at the equilibrium
pSO2 = 0.409 - 2X atm
pO2 = 0.601 - X atm
pSO3 = 2X
pSO2 = 0.409 - 2X atm = 0.297
X = 0.056 atm
pO2 = 0.601 - 0.056 = 0.545 atm
pSO3 = 2*0.056 = 0.112 atm
Step 5: Calculate Kp
Kp = (pSO3)²/((pO2)*(pSO2)²)
Kp = (0.112²) / (0.545 * 0.297²)
Kp = 0.261
The equilibrium partial pressure of O2 is 0.545 atm
<span>1. An allotrope of carbon that is soft and can be used as a lubricant is </span><span>d. graphite.
</span>Graphite is the most stable allotrope of carbon under standard conditions (pressure and temperature). In graphite carbon atoms have sp2 hybridization, because of that graphite has ability to conduct electricity and heat.
2. The process by which a solid changes directly to a gas without first becoming a liquid is called <span>c. sublimation.
</span>Sublimation is an endothermic process. For example dry ice (carbon(IV) oxide in solid state) is used because of sublimation in nightclubs, fog machines<span>, at </span>theaters<span>, </span>haunted house attractions.
3. In the gaseous state d. halogens form diatomic covalent molecules.
Halogen diatomic molecules (17 group<span> in the </span>periodic table, halogen means "salt producing) in the gaseous state in room temperature are fluorine (F₂) and chlorine (Cl₂). Both molecules have single covalent bond and they are very reactive.
4. When hydrogen reacts with the active metals, it <span>b. gains one electron.
Active metals are I group of Periodic table of elements (alkaline metals). Alkaline metals are </span><span>lithium, sodium, rubidium, potassium, cesium. They have low ionization energy and lose one electron very easy. Compounds with hydrogen with this metals are called hydrides.
5. D</span>ifferent forms of the same element that have different properties because of different atom arrangements are called <span>a. allotropes.
Carbon has many allotropes, but two most important are graphite and diamomd. Graphite has sp2 and diamond has sp3 hybridization of carbon atoms, because of that graphite conduct electricity and diamond not.
6. A</span>t room temperature, most metals are <span>b. solids.
Most metals have strong metallic bond, because strong </span><span>electrostatic attractive force between </span>valence electrons (metals usually have low ionization energy and lose electrons easy) <span>and positively charged </span>metal<span> ions.
</span>They also form <span>crystal lattice and because of that has high melting points.
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7. A</span>n allotrope of carbon that is hard and is often used in jewelry is b. diamond.
In diamond carbon atoms<span> are arranged in the </span>face centered cubic<span> crystal structure called a </span>diamond lattice.
Diamond has very strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms and because of that <span>it has the highest </span>hardness<span> and </span>thermal conductivity<span> of any bulk substance.
8. M</span>etals can be used as wire because they are a. ductile.
Ductility<span> is a measure of a material's (in this example metal) ability to undergo deformation before rupture. For example g</span><span>old is very ductile and can be drawn into a monoatomic wire.</span>
Malleability<span> is a material's ability to deform under </span>compressive<span> stress.
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9. The d. transition elements often occur in nature as uncombined elements.
Uncombined elements are in elemental form and do not attache with other elements. Several transition elements (metals) like gold, silver, rhodium, palladium and platinum are unreactive and <span>are resistant to oxidation and corrosion.</span>
