Montesquieu argued that the best form of government, was one where the legislative arm, executive arm, and judicial powers were separate. and in doing so helped kept each other in check to prevent any branch from becoming too powerful. Montesquieu’s separation of powers was not accurate when compared the government of England, But this was later adopted by Americans as the foundation of the U.S. Constitution.
Physical sciences are those academic disciplines that aim to uncover the underlying laws of nature - often written in the language of mathematics. It is a collective term for areas of study including astronomy, chemistry, materials science and physics.