Supercharging is the process of (a) Supplying the intake of an engine with air at a density greater than the density of the surr
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Answer:
the required minimum fiber length is 0.80365 mm
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
Diameter D = 6.90 microns = 6.90 × 10⁻⁶ m
Bond strength ζ = 17 MPa
Shear yield strength ζ = 68 Mpa
tensile strength of carbon fibers = 3960 MPa.
To determine the minimum fiber length we make use of the following relation;
L = ( × D) / 2ζ
we substitute our given values into the equation;
L = ( 3960 × 6.90 × 10⁻⁶) / (2 × 17 )
L = 0.027324 / 34
L = 0.000803647 m
L = 0.000803647 × (1000) mm
L = 0.80365 mm
Therefore, the required minimum fiber length is 0.80365 mm
Answer:
a) 40.6%
b)72.19kg/s
Explanation:
The Rankine cycle with two reheat stages has 9 stages in total.
The maximum pressure will be at the first inlet stage of the HP turbine which is stage 3. The minimum pressure will be the exit stage of the condenser because the condenser operates under vacuum pressure which is stage 1.
The following assumptions can be made:
1 - Each component in the cycle is analyzed as an open system operating at steady-state.
2 - All of the processes are internally reversible.
3 - The turbine and pump operate adiabatically and are internally reversible, so they are also isentropic.
4 - Condensate exits the condenser as saturated liquid.
5 - The effluent from the HP turbine is a saturated vapor.
6 - No shaft work crosses the system boundary of the boiler or condenser.
7 - Changes in kinetic and potential energies are negligible
a) The thermal efficiency of the cycle is defined as the work of the cycle divided by the total heat input to the system. The stages that have heat input is stages 2-3, 4-5, 6-7.
For stage 2:
s₁=s₂ assuming isentropic
enthalpy will be a compressed liquid so after interpolation
For stage 3:
Superheated steam @ T=500⁰C and P=15MPa
Stage 4:
superheated vapor
P=5MPa
s₃=s₄=6.3480 kJ/kg, we must use interpolation to find h₄
Stage 5:
Superheated steam @ T=500⁰C and P₄=P₅=5 MPa
Stage 6:
Superheated steam at P₆= 1MPa
s₅=s₆
We find h₆ using interpolation from the steam tables:
Stage 7:
P₇=P₆=1MPa
T=500⁰C superheated steam
The heat into the cycle is:
We can determine the work out by the condenser from stage 9 to stage 1:
Stage 1:
saturated liquid P=5kPa
Stage 9:
We assume that its a saturated liquid with quality of 1 at 5kPa and
s₇=s₉ and after interpolation
Qout = [/tex]2568.53-137.75=2430.79kJ/kg[/tex]
The thermal efficiency can be written in terms of qin and qout:
Efficiency of 40.61%
b)
The mass flow rate can be calculated from the Wnet:
Work of the turbines minus the work of the pumps:
mass flow rate of steam is 72.19 kg/s
Answer: new depth will be 3.462m and the water elevation will be 0.462m.
The maximum contraction will be achieved in width 0<w<3
Explanation:detailed calculation and explanation is shown in the image below
