Most humans already held a pre-existing schema in our mind. This schema consists of a set of belief and value that we use to view the situation around us.
When we heard something new, our brain will automatically look at this schema to determine whether this new information is aligned with our value. If not, it has the tendency to reject the new information. This could explain the strong reaction that we make when the participant hear something incosistent with his/her value.
a human characteristic that is considered desirable
Explanation:
A value shows how the society performs and is used to determine how they as a person function and work in closed settings and that are considered to be good or services and have him a characteristic that is considered to be desirable and are reasonable.
Each star means all of the 50 states because their are 50 stars. The 13 stripes mean the 13 British colonies that declared their independence from the King of Britain.