This is best explained through the use of an optics diagram, this is a little too complicated to explain in a short answer, and as I can't draw an appropriate diagram in this answer, I will point you to this excellent resource which explains what you have asked very well!
Go onto the BBC website (you should have access to it even if you aren't in the UK) and paste this after the BBC url,
/bitesize/intermediate2/physics/waves_and_optics/image_formation_from_lens/revision/1/
The comet which is violent and large scale, causing sudden and violent upheaval is known as "Cataclysmic Comet"
Hope this helps!
Gravity causes the motions of planets, stars, and galaxies. It's why the Moon orbits around the Earth, and the Earth orbits around the Sun, and the solar system orbits around the galaxy.
1.Landslide 2. Delta 3. Moving water 4. Erosion 5. Abrasion and Deflation
6. Winds 8. Sediment it can erode
Sorry, don't know 7.
Answer:
F = 2.30 10⁴ N
Explanation:
The force required to link two gates must be equal to or greater than the electrostatic force of repulsion, because the protons have equal charges.
F = k q₁ q₂ / r²
Where k is the Coulomb constant that is worth 8.99 10⁹ N m² / C²
In this case the proton charge is 1.6 10⁻¹⁹ C and the distance between them is approximately the diameter of the core r = 10⁻¹⁵ m
Let's calculate
F = 8.99 10⁹ (1.6 10⁻¹⁹)² / (10⁻¹⁵)²
F = 2.30 10⁴ N
The bond strength must be equal to or greater than this value