Accurately describes the elements the phases of the menstrual cycle of human

Trava [24]

Question 1:

Answer:

The "first line of defence" in innate immunity is "Physical and chemical barriers".

Explanation

"Physical and chemical barriers" is first line of defence includes that are ready to defend the living organism's body from infection at any time . These barriers include your skin, cilia, tears, urine flow, mucus, stomach acid, friendly bacteria and white blood cells . Skin acts as a mechanical barrier as it does not allows all the organism to pass through it unless the skin is cut or open. Similarly mouth eyes, and nose are also the ways through with the disease causing organism can enter the body. The micro-organisms that entered through these pathways are trapped either in saliva or mucus and swallowed and later either killed in the stomach or flushed out via the urine. If this first line of defence is broken or damaged, the second line of defence inside our body will be activated.

Question 2:

Answer:

Histamine kinins, and interleukins are examples of inflammatory mediators.

Explanation:

Inflammatory mediators are identified in inflammatory bowel disease IBD.These mediators play an vital role in the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disorders. Cytokines, that are released by macrophages in due to antigenic stimuli, are binded different receptors and produce endocrine, autocrine and paracrine effects. Interleukins are a subset of a large group of 'cellular messenger molecules' called cytokines that modulates the cellular behaviour. Interleukins are not stored within cells like cytokines but they are released immediately, in response to a stimulus. Once an interleukin has been secreted, it moves to the target cell and binds to it through a receptor molecule on the surface of the cell . This interaction triggers a sequence of signals in the target cell that ultimately leads to the alteration in the behaviour of the cell.

5 0

3 years ago

Xerophytes minimize water loss by _____. view available hint(s) xerophytes minimize water loss by _____. using the c3 pathway de

Bad White [126]

Answer:

Use the CAM pathway

Explanation:

Xerophytes are plants that have adapted to arid climates. They have evolutionary developed adaptations to reduce the rate of transpiration so as to conserve water.
Among the adaptations include; thick cuticle, small, thick leaves, reducing the surface area relative to the volume of the leaf, etc.
Additionally, they use CAM pathway as an alternative photosynthetic pathway to minimize water loss.

6 0

3 years ago

Discuss four ways a scientist can reduce bias in scientific investigations.

Anestetic [448]

Answer:

Three ways a scientist can reduce bias include: 1) Sampling a larger pool (assuming the subjects are human) in order to broaden recorded data. 2) Making sure to sample more than one group. This means to not just sample one's friends, etc.

5 0

2 years ago

Which of the statements below does not describe antigens? a. The parts of antigen molecules that initiate immune responses are c

Svet_ta [14]

Answer:

D. antigen only come from microbes

Explanation:

Antigens are substances which elicits a response by the antibodies. Antigens Antigens include proteins, nucleic acids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins, and certain large polysaccharides.

They parts of antigen molecules that initiate immune responses are called epitopes or antigenic determinants.

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Before carbohydrates are absorbed, __________ digest disaccharides into monosaccharides

Marizza181 [45]

Before carbohydrates are absorbed, the enzymes sucrase, maltase and lactase digest disaccharides into monosaccharides in the small intestine. Sucrase breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose, maltase breaks down maltose into two glucose, and lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

3 0

3 years ago