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monitta
3 years ago
5

Aldehydes and ketones can be halogenated at their α-position by reaction with Cl2, Br2, or I2, under acidic conditions. Using Br

2 under acidic conditions, an intermediate enol is formed which adds bromine at the α-position. The reaction stops after the addition of one bromine because the electron-withdrawing halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, making the protonation less favorable. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.

Chemistry
1 answer:
notka56 [123]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Look at the picture

Explanation:

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8. Sulfur has a first ionization energy of 1000 kJ/mol. Photons of what frequency are required to ionize one mole of Sulfur?​
Lynna [10]

Answer:

the frequency of photons v = 1.509\times10^{39}Hz

Explanation:

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No. of moles of sulfur = 1 mole

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We know that plank's constant

h = 6.626\times10^{-34} Js

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Also we know that ΔE = hν

this implies ν = ΔE/h

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Hence, the frequency of photons v = 1.509\times10^{39}Hz

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When methyloxirane is treated with HBr, the bromide ion attacks the less substituted position. However, when phenyloxirane is tr
konstantin123 [22]

Answer:

See explanation and picture below

Explanation:

First, in the case of methyloxirane (Also known as propilene oxide) the mechanism that is taking place there is something similar to a Sn2 mechanism. Although a Sn2 mechanism is a bimolecular substitution taking place in only step, the mechanism followed here is pretty similar after the first step.

In both cases, the H atom of the HBr goes to the oxygen in the molecule. You'll have a OH⁺ in both. However, in the case of methyloxirane the next step is a Sn2 mechanism step, the bromide ion will go to the less substitued carbon, because the methyl group is exerting a steric hindrance. Not a big one but it has a little effect there, that's why the bromide will rather go to the carbon with more hydrogens. and the final product is formed.

In the case of phenyloxirane, once the OH⁺ is formed, the next step is a Sn1 mechanism. In this case, the bond C - OH⁺ is opened on the side of the phenyl to stabilize the OH. This is because that carbon is more stable than the carbon with no phenyl. (A 3° carbon is more stable than a 2° carbon). Therefore, when this bond opens, the bromide will go there in the next step, and the final product is formed. See picture below for mechanism and products.

4 0
3 years ago
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