Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation
ATP stores and transports energy in the cells, usually in the mitochondria. Energy is released by hydrolysis (carbohydrates being broken down into sugar molecules), which eventually results in forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate) that absorbs the energy and recharges the phosphate group and ATP
Answer and Explanation:
The interphase is the previous step before mitosis occurs. The interphase is conformed of the G1, S, and G2 stages.
- During the G1 stage, it occurs a high intense biochemical activity. The cell duplicates its size, and the organelles and other molecules and cytoplasmatic structures duplicate too. Some structures, such as microtubules and actin filaments, are synthesized from zero. The endoplasmic reticulum increases in size and produces a membrane for the Golgi apparatus and vacuoles, lysosomes, and vesicles. During this stage, the pair of centrioles separate, and each centriole duplicates. Mitochondria and chloroplasts also replicate.
The stages S and G2 follow the G1. Once the whole interphase is completed, mitosis occurs.
- During the S stage occurs the DNI replication process. At this point, it also occurs the synthesis of histones and other associated proteins. This is the only stage where the DNI molecule is replicated.
- G2 stage is the final one before the cellular division. Here it begins the slow process of DNI condensation. Duplication of centrioles completes. Structures such as spindle fibers are assembled.
Answer:
Explanation:
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, non-irritant, odourless and tasteless toxic gas. It is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels such as wood, petrol, coal, natural gas and kerosene. Its molecular weight is 28.01 g/mol, melting point −205.1 °C, boiling point (at 760 mmHg) −191.5 °C (−312.7 °F), density 1.250 kg/m3 at 0 °C and 1 atm and 1.145 kg/m3 at 25 °C and 1 atm, and relative density (air = 1) 0.967 (1,2). Its solubility in water at 1 atm is 3.54 ml/100 ml at 0 °C, 2.14 ml/100 ml at 25 °C and 1.83 ml/100 ml at 37 °C.
The molecular weight of carbon monoxide is similar to that of air (28.01 vs approximately 29). It mixes freely with air in any proportion and moves with air via bulk transport. It is combustible, may serve as a fuel source and can form explosive mixtures with air. It reacts vigorously with oxygen, acetylene, chlorine, fluorine and nitrous oxide. Carbon monoxide is not detectable by humans either by sight, taste or smell. It is only slightly soluble in water, blood serum and plasma; in the human body, it reacts with haemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb).
The relationship of carbon monoxide exposure and the COHb concentration in blood can be modelled using the differential Coburn-Forster-Kane equation (3), which provides a good approximation to the COHb level at a steady level of inhaled exogenous carbon monoxide.
Conversion factors
At 760 mmHg and 20 °C, 1ppm = 1.165 mg/m3 and 1 mg/m3 = 0.858 ppm; at 25 °C, 1 ppm = 1.145 mg/m3 and 1 mg/m3 = 0.873 ppm.
The increase in insulin level following an increase in glucose level in the blood can best be explained by A FEED BACK MECHANISM THAT REGULATE THE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL.
Insulin is an hormone that is secreted by the pancreas and it functions by regulating the amount of glucose that is found in the blood. When the level of glucose in the blood is higher than normal, insulin interfere by converting the excess glucose into glycogen. The glycogen is stored in the liver and in the skeletal muscles and they will only be converted back into glucose, if the level of glucose in the blood is lower than normal.
