Light energy into chemical energy
1.2 x 10^10 mm^3 is equivalent to 12.0 m^3
I think it is because it is directly about the north or south pole (I forget) so while all the other stars seem to rotate around because the Earth is rotating but the North Star is directly in the center. Don't take my word though.
The number of waves passing in a certain amount of time
Something that melts, something that changes shapes (for instance, play dough being squished), something that boils, something being mixed or dissolved (but only if it doesn't chemically react), etc. A physical change is a change of state of matter.