Draw all constitutional isomers with molecular formula c3h8o, and rank them in terms of increasing acidity:
1 answer:
There are only <em>three</em> constitutional isomers (see the image below).
Ethyl methyl ether is the least acidic because it has only C-H bonds. However, it should be more acidic than an alkane (pKₐ ≈ 50) because of the electron withdrawing effect of the O atom. I would expect it to have pKₐ ≈ 30.
The alcohols are <em>more acidic</em> because the O in the O- H bond is highly electron withdrawing. Alcohols typically have pKₐ ≈ 17.
Alkyl groups are electron-donating. This increases electron density in the OH bond and makes the acid weaker. Propan-2-ol has two methyl groups on the α-carbon, while propan-1-ol has one ethyl group. Thus propan-2-ol should be a <em>slightly weaker</em> acid than propan-1-ol.
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Potassium oxide: K₂O.
There's no need for prefixes since K₂O is an ionic compound.
<h3>Explanation</h3>Find the two elements on a periodic table:
- Potassium- K- on the left end of period four.
- Oxygen- O- near the right end of periodic two.
Elements on the bottom-left corner of the periodic table are metals. Those on the top-right corner are nonmetals.
- Potassium is a metal,
- Oxygen is a nonmetal.
A metal and a nonmetal combine to form an ionic compound. Potassium oxide is likely to be an ionic compound. It contains two types of ions:
- Potassium ions: Potassium is group 1 of the periodic table. It is an alkaline metal. Like other alkaline metals such as sodium Na, potassium K tends to lose one electron and form ions of charge +1 in compounds. The ion would be K⁺.
- Oxide ions from oxygen: Oxygen is the second most electronegative element on the periodic table. It tends to gain two electrons and form the oxide ion
when it combines with metals.
The two types of ions carry opposite charges. They shall pair up at a certain ratio such that they balance the charge on each other. The charge on each ion is twice that on a
ion. Each
would pair up with two
. Hence the subscript in the formula:
.
There are two classes of compounds:
- Covalent compounds, which need prefixes, and
- Ionic compounds, which need no prefix.
Prefixes are needed only in covalent compounds. For instance in the covalent compound carbon dioxide , the prefix di- indicates that there are two oxygen atoms in the formula
. However, there's no need for prefix in ionic compounds such as
.