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3 years ago

What is entropy and how is it related to string theory?

Physics

1 answer:

balu736 [363]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

Explanation:

String theory proposes that the fundamental constituents of the universe are one-dimensional “strings” rather than point-like particles. String theory also requires six or seven extra dimensions of space, and it contains ways of relating large extra dimensions to small ones. In statistical mechanics, entropy is an extensive property of a thermodynamic system. It quantifies the number Ω of microscopic configurations that are consistent with the macroscopic quantities that characterize the system theyre related It later developed into superstring theory, which posits a connection called supersymmetry between bosons and the class of particles called fermions. Five consistent versions of superstring theory were developed before it was conjectured in the mid-1990s that they were all different limiting cases of a single theory in 11 dimensions known as M-theory. In late 1997, theorists discovered an important relationship called the AdS/CFT correspondence, which relates string theory to another type of physical theory called a quantum field theory.

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mass weighing 16 pounds stretches a spring 8 3 feet. The mass is initially released from rest from a point 2 feet below the equi

valina [46]

Answer:

The answer is

" $x(t)= e^\frac{-t}{2}((\frac{-4}{3})\cos\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t- \frac{-64\sqrt{47}}{141} \sin\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t)+\frac{10}{3}(\cos(3t)+ \sin (3t))$ ".

Explanation:

Taking into consideration a volume weight = 16 pounds originally extends a springs $\frac{8}{3}$ feet but is extracted to resting at 2 feet beneath balance position.

The mass value is =

$W=mg\\m=\frac{w}{g}\\m=\frac{16}{32}\\m= \frac{1}{2} slug\\$

The source of the hooks law is stable,

$16= \frac{8}{3} k \\\\8k=16 \times 3 \\\\k=16\times \frac{3}{8} \\\\k=6 \frac{lb}{ft}\\\\$

Number $\frac{1}{2}$ times the immediate speed, i.e .. Damping force

$\frac{1}{2} \frac{d^2 x}{dt^2} = -6x-\frac{1}{2}\frac{dx}{dt}+10 \cos 3t \\\\\frac{1}{2} \frac{d^2 x}{dt^2}+ \frac{1}{2}\frac{dx}{dt}+6x =10 \cos 3t \\ \\\frac{d^2 x}{dt^2} +\frac{dx}{dt}+12x=20\cos 3t \\\\$

The m^2+m+12=0 and m is an auxiliary equation,

$m=\frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{1-4(12)}}{2}\\\\m=\frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{47i}}{2}\\\\\ m1= \frac{-1 + \sqrt{47i}}{2} \ \ \ \ or\ \ \ \ \ m2 =\frac{-1 - \sqrt{47i}}{2}$

Therefore, additional feature

$x_c (t) = e^{\frac{-t}{2}}[C_1 \cos \frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t+ C_2 \sin \frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t]$

Use the form of uncertain coefficients to find a particular solution.

Assume that solution equation,

$x_p = Acos(3t)+B sin(3t) \\x_p'= -3A sin (3t) + 3B cos (3t)\\x_p}^{n= -9 Acos(3t) -9B sin (3t)\\$

These values are replaced by equation ( 1):

$\frac{d^2x}{dt}+\frac{dx}{dt}+ 12x=20 \cos(3t) -9 Acos(3t) -9B sin (3t) -3Asin(3t)+3B cos (3t) + 12A cos (3t) + 12B sin (3t)\\\\3Acos 3t + 3B sin 3t - 3Asin 3t + 3B cos 3t= 20cos(3t)\\(3A+3B)cos3t -(3A-3B)sin3t = 20 cos (3t)\\$

Going to compare cos3 t and sin 3 t coefficients from both sides,

The cost3 t is 3A + 3B= 20 coefficients

The sin 3 t is 3B -3A = 0 coefficient

The two equations solved:

$3A+3B = 20 \\\frac{3B -3A=0}{}\\6B=20\\B= \frac{20}{6}\\B=\frac{10}{3}\\$

Replace the very first equation with the meaning,

$3B -3A=O\\3(\frac{10}{3})-3A =0\\A= \frac{10}{3}\\$

equation is

$x_p\\\\\frac{10}{3} cos (3 t) + \frac{10}{3} sin (3t)$

The ultimate plan for both the equation is therefore

$x(t)= e^\frac{-t}{2} (c_1 cos \frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t)+c_2\sin\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t)+\frac{10}{3}\cos (3t)+\frac{10}{3}\sin (3t)$

Initially, the volume of rest x(0)=2 and x'(0) is extracted by rest i.e.

Throughout the general solution, replace initial state x(0) = 2,

Replace x'(0)=0 with a general solution in the initial condition,

$x(t)= e^\frac{-t}{2} [(c_1 cos \frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t)+c_2\sin\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t)+\frac{10}{3}\cos (3t)+\frac{10}{3}\sin (3t)]\\\\$

$x(t)= e^\frac{-t}{2} [(-\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}c_1\sin\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t)+ (\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}c_2\cos\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t)+c_2\cos\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t) +c_1\cos\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t +c_2\sin\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t + \frac{-1}{2}e^{\frac{-t}{2}} -10 sin(3t)+10 cos(3t) \\\\$

$c_2=\frac{-64\sqrt{47}}{141}$

$x(t)= e^\frac{-t}{2}((\frac{-4}{3})\cos\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t- \frac{-64\sqrt{47}}{141} \sin\frac{\sqrt{47}}{2}t)+\frac{10}{3}(\cos(3t)+ \sin (3t))$

5 0

3 years ago

HELP ME! One airline limits the size of carry-on luggage to a volume of 40,000 cm^3. A passenger has a carry-on that has an area

EleoNora [17]

You must times the area by the volume, look at it as if the area is just one of 23 layers that makes up the volume.
1960x23=45080
so no it cannot be carried as it is 5080cm^3 over the limit

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

A heater has a resistance of 20 ohms. If the heater operates on 120-V, what is the power created by the heater?

Bess [88]

Answer:

i really thought that said hater

6 0

2 years ago

Examine the symbols below:

iris [78.8K]

Answer: Symbol A

Explanation:

The four symbols described here represent:

- Symbol A shows two dots and a line draw from one not connected to the other. --> this is an open switch. A switch is component of a circuit that is used to open/close the circuit in order to interrupt/allow the flow of current through the circuit. In this case, the switch is open, since the line does not connect the second dot.

- Symbol B shows two dots and a line draw from one connected to the other. --> this is the symbol used to represent the switch when it is closed, so it is a closed switch.

- Symbol C shows vertical lines in the pattern long, short, long, and short with a plus and minus symbol on it. --> this symbol represents a battery, which consists of two or more cells and provides the electromotive force that pushes the electrons along the circuit.

Therefore, the correct symbol representing the open switch is

Symbol A

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

The last "hot house" or period of increased temperature occurred _____.

xxMikexx [17]

When there was know life on the earth

3 0

3 years ago