Water is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly undergoes four processes separately, all started from an initial state where th
e pressure is p1, the temperature is T1, and the specific volume is v1:
Process 1→2: Constant temperature (isothermal) to p2 = 2p1; Process 1→3: Constant specific volume to p3 = 2p1;
Process 1→4: Constant pressure (isobaric) to v4 = 2v1; Process 1→5: Constant temperature (isothermal) to v5 = 2v1.
Draw a p-v diagram and a T-v diagram for the water including the saturated liquid line and the saturated vapor line (dome).
The initial state (state 1) is at the saturated vapor state, note down state 2, 3, 4 and state 5 on both diagrams, and draw all processes (Process 1→2, 1→3, 1→4 and 1→5)
Process 1→2: Constant temperature (isothermal) to p2 = 2p1; Process 1→3: Constant specific volume to p3 = 2p1;
Process 1→4: Constant pressure (isobaric) to v4 = 2v1; Process 1→5: Constant temperature (isothermal) to v5 = 2v1.
Draw a p-v diagram and a T-v diagram for the water including the saturated liquid line and the saturated vapor line (dome).
The initial state (state 1) is at the saturated vapor state, note down state 2, 3, 4 and state 5 on both diagrams, and draw all processes (Process 1→2, 1→3, 1→4 and 1→5)
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Answer:
The major effects of ice accretion on the aircraft is that it disturbs the flow of air and effects the aircraft's performance.
Explanation:
The ice accretion effects the longitudinal stability of an aircraft as:
1. The accumulation of ice on the tail of an aircraft results in the reduction the longitudinal stability and the elevator's efficacy.
2. When the flap is deflected at with no power there is an increase in the longitudinal velocity.
3. When the angle of attack is higher close to the stall where separation occurs in the early stages of flow, the effect of ice accretion are of importance.
4. When the situation involves no flap at reduced power setting results in the decrease in aircraft's longitudinal stability an increase in change in coefficient of pitching moment with attack angle.
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