Answer:

Explanation:
For sound waves we have v=d/t where v is the speed of sound and d the distance between the astronauts, while for electromagnetic waves we have c=D/t where c is the speed of light and D the distance between the spaceship and Earth. <em>We have written both times as the same</em> because is what is imposed by the problem, so we have t=d/v=D/c, which means:

And for our values:

A calorimeter measures the amount of heat in a chemical reaction. So the answer would be C, specific heat.
Beta decay is very complex phenomena in natural radioactive decay. There are 3 types of Beta decay.
B+ decay (Beta plus or Beta positive or positron decay):
is the conversion of a proton into a neutron plus a positron and an electron neutrino.
B- decay (Beta negative or Beta nought):
is the conversion of a neutron into a proton plus an electron and a electron antineutrino.
Note: a positron is the a positive electron or the antiparticle of the electron.
Hope it helps
Speed is the distance travelled by an object whereas velocity is distance travelled by an object per unit time in a given direction.