Answer:
Endocrine is the correct answer.
Explanation:
<span><span>A. </span>B-cells
</span>
Which type of white blood cells is produced in the thymus and destroys the
cell membranes of bacteria are B-cells. These b-cells are also known and called as B
lymphocytes. Their function primarily is to create antibodies which combats
antigens such as bacteria. They are also responsible for immune regulatory
indications –cytokines. In contrast, T-cells are a type of white blood cells
that combat any substance from the inside or within the body.
Answer: alternative D.
Explanation: The animals that go through this process understand that everytime they drink the unusual-tasting liquid they will be injected, being that a very unpleasant series of events. They are conditioned, therefore, to be afraid of the unpleasantness of this process by associating pain to the actions that are part of it.
Answer:
Prolong exposure to stress causes a continuous production of cortisol, which can lead to depression and fatigue.
Explanation:
HPA axis is the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. HPA axis is often taken as a body;s stress system, which controls the amount of cortisol and other stress hormones.
Prolong exposure to stress, increases the cortisol production in body. Prolong stress can also cause certain changes to the neurons located in paraventricular nucleus, ultimately resulting in sustained activation of the axis. Long term activation of the axis causes negative feedback mechanism and ultimately causes fatigue, exhaustion, headache and depression etc.
