Hello!
This question is about which values you are changing when you are transforming an equation.
Let's go through the parent function for an absolute value equation and its various transformations.

Since we are only looking at horizontal and vertical transformations, we only need to worry about the c and d values.
The c value of a function determines a function's horizontal position, and the d value of a function determines a function's vertical position.
One thing to note here is that the c value is being subtracted from the x value, meaning that if the function is being transformed to the right, you would actually be subtracting that value, while the d value behaves like a normal value, if it is being added, the function is transformed up, and vice versa.
Now that we know this, let's write each expression.
a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 
Hope this helps!
Answer:
Please refer to the attached graph
Step-by-step explanation:
Knowing the following:
X = amount of money donated to the city youth fund
Y = amount of money donated to the educational growth foundation
We can write the statements in form of equations:
"Will donate up to $500, the money will be divided between two charities"
(a)
"The amount donated to the educational growth foundation to be at least four times the amount donated to the city youth fund"
(b) 
If we graph both equations we can see the area where both conditions are met (see graph attached)
Where the blue line is (a) and the red line is (b)
Shaded area represent all the possible solutions for the donations, for example:
X=100 and Y=400 or
X=50 and Y=200, etc.
Answer:
use the formula given in the pic and you will get the answer