Which of the following types of valves have a valve stem that moves up and down in a valve guide? Select one: a. Poppet valves b
2 answers:
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This question is incomplete, the complete question is;
For a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 11.3 h duration at Temperature T1 will raise the carbon concentration to 0.44 wt% at a point 1.8 mm from the surface. A separate experiment is performed at T2 that doubles the diffusion coefficient for carbon in steel.
Estimate the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 4.9 mm position for an identical steel and at the same carburizing temperature T2.
Answer:
the required time to achieve the same concentration at a 4.9 is 83.733 hrs
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
treatment time t₁ = 11.3 hours
Carbon concentration = 0.444 wt%
thickness at surface x₁ = 1.8 mm = 0.0018 m
thickness at identical steel x₂ = 4.9 mm = 0.0049 m
Now, Using Fick's second law inform of diffusion
/ Dt = constant
where D is constant
then
/ t = constant
/ t₁ =
/ t₂
t₂ = t₁
t₂ = t₁ /
t₂ = ( /
)t₁
t₂ =
/
× t₁
so we substitute
t₂ = 0.0049 / 0.0018
× 11.3 hrs
t₂ = 7.41 × 11.3 hrs
t₂ = 83.733 hrs
Therefore, the required time to achieve the same concentration at a 4.9 is 83.733 hrs
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
Given that:
Diameter (D) = 0.03 mm = 0.00003 m, length (L) = 2.4 mm = 0.0024 m, longitudinal tensile strength , Fracture strength
a) The critical length () is given by:
The critical length (4.5 mm) is greater than the given length, hence th composite can be produced.
b) The volume fraction (Vf) is gotten from the formula: