The three exposure techniques in photolithography are:
- Contact
- Proximity
- Projection
Alternatives to photolithography in IC processing include;
- X-ray
- UV
- Ion, and
- Electron lithography
<h3>
What is Photolithography?</h3>
Photolithography is a term in integrated circuit development that describes the patterned films that are formed when a beam of light falls on a substance.
This phenomenon protects the surface of sensitive materials such as glass during some operations like etching. UV and X-rays can be used for this purpose.
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Based on the percent moisture content of the dried product, the mass of dried casein produced os 852.3 kg.
<h3>What is the mass of casein in wet casein?</h3>
The mass of casein in 1000 Kg of wet casein is 75% 1000 kg = 750 Kg
Mass of water 250 kg
The mass of casein is constant while the moisture content can be changed.
At 12% moisture content;
750 kg = 88%%
100 % = 100 ×750/88 = 852.27 kg
Therefore, the mass of dried casein produced os 852.3 kg.
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Answer:
Yes, it is possible to maintain a pressure of 10 kPa in a condenser that is being cooled by river water that is entering at 20 °C because this temperature (20 °C) of the external cooling water is less than the saturation temperature of steam which is which is 45.81 °C, and heated by a boiler; as a result of this condition, coupled with the assumption that the turbine, pump, and interconnecting tube are adiabatic, and the condenser exchanges its heat with the external cooling river water, it possible to maintain a pressure of 10 kPa.
In order to develop this problem it is necessary to take into account the concepts related to fatigue and compression effort and Goodman equation, i.e, an equation that can be used to quantify the interaction of mean and alternating stresses on the fatigue life of a materia.
With the given data we can proceed to calculate the compression stress:
Through Goodman's equations the combined effort by fatigue and compression is expressed as:
Where,
Fatigue limit for comined alternating and mean stress
Fatigue Limit
Mean stress (due to static load)
Ultimate tensile stress
Security Factor
We can replace the values and assume a security factor of 1, then
Re-arrenge for 
We know that the stress is representing as,
Then,
Where 
=Max Moment
I= Intertia
The inertia for this object is
Then replacing and re-arrenge for
Thereforethe moment that can be applied to this shaft so that fatigue does not occur is 3.2kNm
