The hydrogens and oxygen of a water molecule are held together by covalent bonds.
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What are covalent bonds?</h3>
A covalent bond is an electron exchange that causes the production of electron pairs between atoms. Covalent bonding is a stable equilibrium of the attractive and repulsive forces between two atoms that occurs when they share electrons.
Bonding pairs or sharing pairs are other names for these electron pairs. Because electrons are shared among several molecules, each atom can reach the equivalent of a full valence shell, resulting in a stable electronic state.
In organic chemistry, covalent bonds are much more common than ionic bonds. Covalent bonds unite the atoms in a single water molecule, whereas hydrogen bonds join two water molecules. Water develops a covalent bond when oxygen shares an electron with each hydrogen atom.
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Answer:
ΔU = 25.8 J
Explanation:
The gas absorbs 33.3 J of heat, that is, Q = 33.3 J.
The work (W) of expansion can be calculated using the following expression:
W = -P. ΔV
where,
P is the external pressure
ΔV is the change in volume
W = -1.45 × 10⁴ N . m⁻² × (8.40 × 10⁻⁴ m³ - 3.24 × 10⁻⁴ m³) = -7.48 J
The change in the internal energy (ΔU) is:
ΔU = Q + W
ΔU = 33.3 J + (-7.48 J) = 25.8 J
It has a fixed mass
it does not change with the shape of the container
it cannot be compressed
it has fixed atom and molecules and limited to very small displacement
only vibrational motion occur in the molecules of solid .
