In physical chemistry and thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy or ΔG is very important because it is the criterion for spontaneity. When the magnitude of ΔG is negative, the reaction is spontaneous. This means that the reaction readily occurs. When the magnitude is positive, the reaction is non-spontaneous. This means that in order for the reaction to proceed, you must apply external force like electricity.
For equilibrium reactions, there is a forward and reverse reaction written as: A+ B ⇆ C. Only one of those reactions is spontaneous. So, if the forward reaction is -ΔG, then the reverse reaction is the opposite which is +ΔG. The answer is letter A.
Answer:
Qsp > Ksp, BaCO3 will precipitate
Explanation:
The equation of the reaction is;
Na2CO3 + BaBr2 -------> 2NaBr + BaCO3
Since BaCO3 may form a precipitate we can determine the Qsp of the system.
Number of moles of Na2CO3 = 0.96g/106 g/mol = 9.1 * 10^-3 moles
concentration of NaCO3 = number of moles/volume of solution = 9.1 * 10^-3 moles/10 L = 9.1 * 10^-4 M
Number of moles of BaBr2 = 0.20g/297 g/mol = 6.7 * 10^-4 moles
concentration of BaBr2 = 6.7 * 10^-4 moles/10 L = 6.7 * 10^-5 M
Hence;
[Ba^2+] = 6.7 * 10^-5 M
[CO3^2-] = 9.1 * 10^-4 M
Qsp = [6.7 * 10^-5] [9.1 * 10^-4]
Qsp = 6.1 * 10^-8
But, Ksp for BaCO3 is 5.1*10^-9.
Since Qsp > Ksp, BaCO3 will precipitate
<span>The direction of gas movement is determined by <u>Partial Pressure Difference</u>.
Explanation:
According to phenomenon of Diffusion and Effusion gases always move from level of higher concentration to level of lower concentration. In lungs the oxygen moves from external atmosphere to inner body due to difference in partial pressure of Oxygen. Oxygen present in higher quantity outside body moves in through alveoli. And CO</span>₂ present in body moves out through lungs. Same process takes place at tissue level.
Answer:
More reactants and fewer products
Explanation:
If reaction is exothermic it add heat to the environment, so when we add more heat the reaction will move in opposite direction. So, more reactants and fewer products will be formed.