Question

Which are the hybrid orbitals of the carbon atoms in the following molecules? (a) H3C―CH3 sp sp2 sp3 (b) H3C―CH═CH2 sp sp2 sp3 (c) CH3―C≡C―CH2OH sp sp2 sp3 (d) CH3CH═O sp sp2 sp3

Answer 1

Answer:

(a)  sp³    sp³

   H₃C - CH₃

(b)     sp³           sp²

     H₃C - CH = CH₂

                sp²

(c)     sp³        sp    

    H₃C - C ≡ C - CH₂OH

              sp         sp³

(d)     sp³    sp²    

       H₃C - CH=O

Explanation:

Alkanes or the carbons with all the single bonds are sp³ hybridized.

Alkenes or the carbons with double bond(s) are sp² hybridized.

Alkynes or the carbons with triple bond are sp hybridized.

Considering:

(a) H₃C-CH₃ , Both the carbons are bonded by single bond so both the carbons are sp³ hybridized.

Hence,

 sp³    sp³

H₃C - CH₃

(b) H₃C-CH=CH₂ , The carbon of the methyl group is sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The rest 2 carbons are sp² hybridized because they are bonded by double bond.

Hence,

   sp³           sp²

H₃C - CH = CH₂

         sp²

(c) H₃C-C≡C-CH₂OH , The carbons of the methyl group and alcoholic group are sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The rest 2 carbons are sp hybridized because they are bonded by triple bond.

Hence,

   sp³        sp    

H₃C - C ≡ C - CH₂OH

         sp         sp³

(d)CH₃CH=O, The carbon of the methyl group is sp³ hybridized as it is boned via single bonds. The other carbon is sp² hybridized because it is  bonded by double bond to oxygen.

Hence,

   sp³    sp²    

 H₃C - CH=O