A "open circuit" is one that doesn't permit current to flow because of a break in the path.
Answer:
Acceleration, 
Explanation:
Given that,
Initial velocity, u = 20 m/s
Final velocity, v = 60 m/s
Time, t = 10 s
We need to find the acceleration of the car. It is equal to the change in velocity divided by time.

So, the acceleration of the car is
.
1) Acceleration of the sled
The acceleration of the sled is given by the net force acting in the direction parallel to the incline. There are two forces acting along this direction: the component of the weight parallel to the ramp (downward) and the friction (upward). Therefore, the net force acting in this direction is

And the acceleration is given by Newton's second law:

2) Normal force
The normal force acting on the sled is equal to the component of the weight perpendicular to the incline, therefore:

The Hooke's law is a principal of physics that states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance x scales linearly with respect to that distance.
Answer:
Visible, or infrared lights