What is the pH of a solution with a 1.50x10-9 M hydroxide ion concentration?
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The dominant species present in water if the ph is held constant at ph = 8 is .
The pH scale is used in chemistry to determine whether an aqueous solution is basic or acidic. Historically, pH stood for "potential of hydrogen." The pH values of acidic solutions are typically lower than those of basic or alkaline solutions.
A solution's pH is a significant indicator of its chemical composition. The pH can affect how readily available nutrients are, how biological processes work, how bacteria behave, and how chemicals behave. The negative log base 10 of the hydronium concentration is used to define pH. The pH is a logarithmic indicator of how many hydrogen ions are present in a solution. Since pH is measured on a log scale, a pH increase of 1 equates to a 10x increase in the concentration of H+ ions.
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Considering the Hess's Law, the enthalpy change for the reaction is -84.4 kJ.
<h3>Hess's Law</h3>Hess's Law indicates that the enthalpy change in a chemical reaction will be the same whether it occurs in a single stage or in several stages. That is, the sum of the ∆H of each stage of the reaction will give us a value equal to the ∆H of the reaction when it occurs in a single stage.
<h3>Enthalpy change for the reaction in this case</h3>In this case you want to calculate the enthalpy change of:
2 C (graphite) + 3 H₂(g) → C₂H₆(g)
which occurs in three stages.
You know the following reactions, with their corresponding enthalpies:
Equation 1: C₂H₆(g) + O₂(g) → 2 CO₂(g) + 3 H₂O(l) ; ΔH° = –1560 kJ
Equation 2: H₂(g) + O₂(g) → H₂O(l) ; ΔH° = –285.8 kJ
Equation 3: C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g) ; ΔH° = –393.5 kJ
Because of the way formation reactions are defined, any chemical reaction can be written as a combination of formation reactions, some going forward and some going back.
In this case, first, to obtain the enthalpy of the desired chemical reaction you need 2 moles of C(graphite) on reactant side and it is present in third equation. In this case it is necessary to multiply it by 2 to obtain the necessary amount. Since enthalpy is an extensive property, that is, it depends on the amount of matter present, since the equation is multiply by 2, the variation of enthalpy also.
Now, you need 3 moles of H₂(g) on reactant side and it is present in second equation. In this case it is necessary to multiply it by 3 to obtain the necessary amount and the variation of enthalpy also is multiplied by 3.
Finally, 1 mole of C₂H₆(g) must be a product and is present in the first equation. Since this equation has 1 mole of C₂H₆(g) on the reactant side, it is necessary to locate the C₂H₆(g) on the reactant side (invert it). When an equation is inverted, the sign of delta H also changes.
In summary, you know that three equations with their corresponding enthalpies are:
Equation 1: 2 CO₂(g) + 3 H₂O(l) → C₂H₆(g) + O₂(g); ΔH° = 1560 kJ
Equation 2: 3 H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 3 H₂O(l) ; ΔH° = –857.4 kJ
Equation 3: 2 C(graphite) + 2 O₂(g) → 2 CO₂(g) ; ΔH° = –787 kJ
Adding or canceling the reactants and products as appropriate, and adding the enthalpies algebraically, you obtain:
2 C (graphite) + 3 H₂(g) → C₂H₆(g) ΔH= -84.4 kJ
Finally, the enthalpy change for the reaction is -84.4 kJ.
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I hope my photo helps. since oxygen goes from a charge of 0 to -2, it gains electrons because electrons have a negative charge. nitrogen goes from 0 to +2 meaning that it is losing electrons to make it a positive charge.
Explanation:
When an element is displaced by another element in a compound then it is known as a single displacement reaction.
For example, is a single displacement reaction.
Similarly when a hockey player has the puck in the corner of the rink. An opposing player muscles him aside and emerge with the puck displays that a single player is displacing a person.
Thus, we can conclude that this situation is most analogous to single displacement reaction.