<span>The form of energy related to measurement of kinetic energy is heat energy. Basically, thermal energy is related to the measurement of molecula kinetics of a substance. It is due to the thermoagitation of the partices of the substances, which keep on moving. </span>
Answer:
b. Disulfide bond
Explanation:
Covalent linkage or bonding is a type of bond in which electrons are shared between atoms in a compound or molecule. Each atom contributes to the shared electron.
This is the case of disulfide bonding i.e. S-S, in which two thiol groups (-SH) share electrons with one another. The process of oxidation between two cysteine (amino acid) molecules forms this bond. Hence, Disulfide bond is characterized by a covalent linkage.
<u>Answer:</u> The 
for the reaction is 54.6 kJ/mol
<u>Explanation:</u>
For the given balanced chemical equation:
We are given:
- To calculate
for the reaction, we use the equation:
![\Delta G^o_{rxn}=\sum [n\times \Delta G_f(product)]-\sum [n\times \Delta G_f(reactant)]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20G%5Eo_%7Brxn%7D%3D%5Csum%20%5Bn%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20G_f%28product%29%5D-%5Csum%20%5Bn%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20G_f%28reactant%29%5D)
For the given equation:
![\Delta G^o_{rxn}=[(2\times \Delta G^o_f_{(COCl_2)})]-[(1\times \Delta G^o_f_{(CO_2)})+(1\times \Delta G^o_f_{(CCl_4)})]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20G%5Eo_%7Brxn%7D%3D%5B%282%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20G%5Eo_f_%7B%28COCl_2%29%7D%29%5D-%5B%281%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20G%5Eo_f_%7B%28CO_2%29%7D%29%2B%281%5Ctimes%20%5CDelta%20G%5Eo_f_%7B%28CCl_4%29%7D%29%5D)
Putting values in above equation, we get:
![\Delta G^o_{rxn}=[(2\times (-204.9))-((1\times (-394.4))+(1\times (-62.3)))]\\\Delta G^o_{rxn}=46.9kJ=46900J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20G%5Eo_%7Brxn%7D%3D%5B%282%5Ctimes%20%28-204.9%29%29-%28%281%5Ctimes%20%28-394.4%29%29%2B%281%5Ctimes%20%28-62.3%29%29%29%5D%5C%5C%5CDelta%20G%5Eo_%7Brxn%7D%3D46.9kJ%3D46900J)
Conversion factor used = 1 kJ = 1000 J
- The expression of
for the given reaction:
We are given:
Putting values in above equation, we get:
- To calculate the Gibbs free energy of the reaction, we use the equation:
where,
= Gibbs' free energy of the reaction = ?
= Standard gibbs' free energy change of the reaction = 46900 J
R = Gas constant = 
T = Temperature = ![25^oC=[25+273]K=298K](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=25%5EoC%3D%5B25%2B273%5DK%3D298K)
= equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressure = 22.92
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Hence, the for the reaction is 54.6 kJ/mol
