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nikklg [1K]
3 years ago
13

The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid from ammonia and oxygen involves the following steps:

Chemistry
1 answer:
bagirrra123 [75]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

12 NH_3 (g)+ 21 O_2 (g) + \longrightarrow  14 H_2O (l) + 8 HNO_3 (g) + 4 NO (g)

Explanation:

The steps of the Ostwald process:

4 NH_3 (g) + 5 O_2 (g) \longrightarrow 4 NO (g) + 6 H_2O (g)

2 NO (g) + O_2 (g) \longrightarrow 2 NO_2 (g)

3 NO_2 (g) + H_2O (l) \longrightarrow 2 HNO_3 (g) + NO (g)

Combinning the equations:

4 NH_3 (g) + 5 O_2 (g) \longrightarrow 4 NO (g) + 6 H_2O (g)

+

(2 NO (g) + O_2 (g) \longrightarrow 2 NO_2 (g))*2

+

(3 NO_2 (g) + H_2O (l) \longrightarrow 2 HNO_3 (g) + NO (g))*4/3

=

4 NH_3 (g)+ 4 NO (g)+ 7 O_2 (g) + 4 NO_2 (g) +4/3 H_2O (l) \longrightarrow 4 NO (g) + 6 H_2O (g) +  4 NO_2(g) + 8/3 HNO_3 (g) + 4/3 NO (g)

Simplifying:

4 NH_3 (g)+ 7 O_2 (g) + \longrightarrow  14/3 H_2O (l) + 8/3 HNO_3 (g) + 4/3 NO (g)

12 NH_3 (g)+ 21 O_2 (g) + \longrightarrow  14 H_2O (l) + 8 HNO_3 (g) + 4 NO (g)

The overall reaction is endothermic becuase the formation of new chemical bonds requires energy consumption.

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