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Scilla [17]
3 years ago
12

Consider two processes: sublimation of I2(s) and melting of I2(s) (Note: the latter process can occur at the same temperature bu

t somewhat higher pressure).
I2(s) → I2(g)
I2(s) → I2(l)
Is ΔS positive or negative in these processes?

Chemistry
2 answers:
AVprozaik [17]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

positive

positive

Explanation:

Entropy -

In a system, the randomness is measured by the term entropy .

Randomness basically refers as a form of energy that can not be used for any work.

The change in entropy is given by amount heat per change in temperature.

  • When solid is converted to gas entropy increases,

As the molecules in solid state are tightly packed and has more force of attraction between the molecules, but as it is converted to gas, the force of attraction between the molecule decreases and hence entropy increases.

So,

The particles of the substance , if are tightly held by strong force of attraction will decrease the entropy ,

And

If the particles are loosely held , the entropy will increase , i.e. , positive entropy .

Similar with solid converting to liquid , the entropy will increases , i.e. , positive entropy .

Hence ,

The correct sign of entropy for both the process is positive .

ziro4ka [17]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

ΔS increases in each case.  

Explanation:

Entropy (S) is a measure of the degree of the spreading of energy within a system. The more ways that energy can be distributed, the greater the entropy.

(a) Sublimation of I₂

I₂(s)⇌ I₂(g)

In the solid, the I₂ molecules are locked in position in a crystal lattice. They can vibrate only slightly about their equilibrium locations.  

Those in the gas phase can move in different directions and at different speeds, so the thermal energy is widely distributed among many microstates. The mobility of the molecules is greatly increased, so the number of number of microstates increases and entropy increases.

(b) Melting of I₂

I₂(s)⇌ I₂(ℓ)

The molecules in the solid can only vibrate about a fixed position.

Those in the liquid phase can move around and slide past each other. The increased freedom of motion means that thermal energy is distributed among more microstates, so the entropy increases.

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What is the pressure in atmospheres exerted by a 0.500 mole sample of nitrogen gas in a 10.0 L
Nonamiya [84]

Answer:

The pressure is 1, 22 atm.

Explanation:

We use deal gas formula. First, we convert the unit of temperature in Celsius into Kelvin. We use the constant R= 0,082 l atm /K mol.Then, we solve P (pressure).

0°C=273 K   25°C= 273 + 25= 298 K

PV=nRT   -----> P= (nRT)/V

P= (0,5 mol x 0,082 l atm /K mol x 298 K)/ 10 L

<em>P= 1, 2218 atm</em>

3 0
3 years ago
Forces and Motion:Question 1
defon

Answer:

Velocity = 12 km/h

Explanation:

Velocity can be defined as the division between distance traveled and the time it took for that distance to be traveled:

  • Velocity = Distance / Time

With the above information in mind, we can calculate the velocity of the bicycle:

  • Velocity = 18 km / 1.5 h
  • Velocity = 12 km/h

Thus the velocity of the bicycle is 12 kilometers per hour.

3 0
2 years ago
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Rus_ich [418]
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5 0
3 years ago
What is the relationship between the amount of substance ( concentration) and reaction rates?
jekas [21]

Answer:

Increasing the concentration of the reagents makes the collision between two molecules of the reagents more likely, thereby increasing the probability that the reaction will occur between these reagents.

As for the relationship between concentration and volume, density also comes into play, a higher volume, lower molarity and also lower concentration.

The pressure when increasing could generate a closer approach between the particles, therefore generating an increase in the reaction speed.

Pressure and volume are related but inversely proportional, therefore if the volume increases the pressure decreases and so on.

the reaction rate increases as the contact surface area increases. This is due to the fact that more solid particles are exposed and can be reached by reactant molecules.

A perfect reaction where the collision is promoted and the reaction speed advances is with the presence of a solvent, with an increase in pressure and a decrease in volume, with an increase in the exposure of the surface, with the presence of a catalyst, with increasing temperature and with increasing entrance

Explanation:

The reaction rate is defined as the amount of substance that is transformed into a certain reaction per unit of volume and time. For example, the oxidation of iron under atmospheric conditions is a slow reaction that can take many years but over time it is oxidized sooner or later by the oxygenation of its surface layer, but the combustion of butane in a fire is a reaction that happens in fractions of seconds, giving rise to an exothermic reaction with products such as CO2 and H2O

5 0
3 years ago
Which of the following alkyl halides will react fastest with CH3OH in an SN1 mechanism?
yaroslaw [1]

Answer:

IV

Explanation:

The complete question is shown in the image attached.

Let us call to mind the fact  that the SN1 mechanism involves the formation of carbocation in the rate determining step. The order of stability of cabocations is; tertiary > secondary > primary > methyl.

Hence, a tertiary alkyl halide is more likely to undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction by SN1 mechanism since it forms a more stable cabocation in the rate determining step.

Structure IV is a tertiary alkyl halide, hence it is more likely to undergo nucleophilic  substitution reaction by SN1 mechanism.

5 0
3 years ago
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