When individuals of the same species are reproductively isolated, genetic differences may accumulate in sufficient number so tha
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4.Neutral fats such as triglycerides offer the energy needed for cellular respiration(9kcal per gram)
5.Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds in their molecules and are mainly found in animals.
6.Phospholipids are found in biological membranes.
7.Cholesteroleplay different roles like being the initial molecule for steroid hormone synthesis, decreasing the cell membrane permeability and aiding in lipids intestinal absorbtion
8.The two main parts of a lipid are glycerol and fatty acids.
9.A fat is saturated if none of the fatty acids present have double bonds.A fat is unsaturated if there is at least a double bond in the fatty acids
10.Steroids contain 4 rings and contain about 17 carbon atoms. Their main function is influencing the membrane fluidity and they are signaling molecules.
11.The role of wax is for example in the ear removing the impurities and protecting the eardrum.
12.Carbohydrate molecules offer 4kcal per gram while fat molecules offer 9kcal per gram. Lipids store more energy
Proteins
13.Proteins represent about 18% of the cell's mass.
14.Proteins are built from amino acids.
15.We have 20 amino acids in our bodies
16.The basic structure of an amino acid is based upon an amino group(-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a radical(-R) that differs in every amino acid.
17.The secondary structure of a protein can either be α-helices or β folds.
Carbohydrates
18.Carbohydrates contain carbon(C) hydrogen(H) and oxygen(O)
19.The ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1
20.Carbohydrates comprise about 10% of our body cell mass.
21.The smallest carbohydrate is called monosacharide
22.glucose fructose galactose ribose
23.in the picture
24.Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures. In carbohydrates there are mainly optic isomers.
25.Disacharides are formed by joining two molecules of mono saccharides together and losing a water molecule.
26.maltose(glucose;glucose),succhrose(fructose;glucose),lactose(galactose;glucose)
27.cellulose-forms the cell wall of plant cells starch-used as storage of glucose in plant cells glycogen-used as storage for glucose in animal cells
