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3 years ago

11

When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom becomes

1 answer:

Maslowich3 years ago

7 0

When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of calcium atom, its atom becomes positively charged, with a charge of plus one.

When an electron is added to an atom, the atom becomes negatively charged, with a charge of minus one.

When these atoms become positively or negatively charged, they are known as ions. Positively charged ions are called cations and negatively charged ions are called anions.

Calcium is identified as one of the cations because it is positively charged when its electrons are removed from its outermost shell.

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Suppose the half-life is 9.0 s for a first order reaction and the reactant concentration is 0.0741 M 50.7 s after the reaction s

bazaltina [42]

<u>Answer:</u> The time taken by the reaction is 84.5 seconds

<u>Explanation:</u>

The equation used to calculate half life for first order kinetics:

$k=\frac{0.693}{t_{1/2}}$

where,

$t_{1/2}$ = half-life of the reaction = 9.0 s

k = rate constant = ?

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$k=\frac{0.693}{9}=0.077s^{-1}$

Rate law expression for first order kinetics is given by the equation:

$k=\frac{2.303}{t}\log\frac{[A_o]}{[A]}$ ......(1)

where,

k = rate constant = $0.077s^{-1}$

t = time taken for decay process = 50.7 sec

$[A_o]$ = initial amount of the reactant = ?

[A] = amount left after decay process = 0.0741 M

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$0.077=\frac{2.303}{50.7}\log\frac{[A_o]}{0.0741}$

$[A_o]=3.67M$

Now, calculating the time taken by using equation 1:

$[A]=0.0055M$

$k=0.077s^{-1}$

$[A_o]=3.67M$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$0.077=\frac{2.303}{t}\log\frac{3.67}{0.0055}\\\\t=84.5s$

Hence, the time taken by the reaction is 84.5 seconds

6 0

3 years ago