Answer:opioid or opium
Explanation:Excessive use and withdrawal of opium or opioids can cause disorders in humans.
Answer:
In instrumental conditioning,the distinction between negative reinforcement and punishment is that " Negative reinforcement occurs when a negative outcome is avoided, while punishment occurs when an action causes a negative outcome."
Explanation:
Instrumental conditioning also known as Operant conditioning this is a theory where associative learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. It is also a procedure that is used to bring about such learning.
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