Justification for your answer
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Chlorine is less reactive than fluorine because the outer electrons in a chlorine atom are further from the nucleus than the outer electrons in a fluorine atom. It is harder for a chlorine atom to gain an electron than it is for a fluorine atom.
There are three things to consider every single time relative reactivity is unknown; atomic radius, shielding, and number of electrons. The reactivity is the halogens ability to gain an electron, so number of electrons already in the atom plays a vital role. Chlorine has more electrons so repels a reacting electron with greater force than fluorine, making it less likely to react.
Fluorine also has fewer electron shells than chlorine, so there are fewer electrons between the positive nucleus and the reacting electron to essentiallly block, or weaken, the electromagnetic attraction. This is shielding. Lastly, fluorine is much smaller molecule than chlorine, and the shorter distance, or radius, between the nucleus and the electron again makes it more likely to attract the electron and react to gain a noble gas configuration.
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Energy is released when an electron transitions from one energy level to another. In contrast, the same amount of energy is needed to carry out the process, the other way around, from the bottom elevation to the upper one.
What occurs when an electron transitions from one energy level to another?
- The energy of the electron drops when it changes levels, and the atom releases photons. The electron emits a photon when it transitions from a greater to a lower energy level. The energy emitted is precisely the energy that is lost when an electron moves to a level with less energy.
- An atom's electrons have negative energy. The electron must be given energy in order to be removed from the hydrogen atom, as shown by the negative sign. The quantity of energy in the atom will rise by supplying the electron with energy. Similar to how a ball on Earth chooses to rest in valleys rather than hills, the electron wants to spend the majority of its time at a lower energy level.
- For a brief period of time, the electron remains in an excited state. The energy required to bring the electron to its lower-energy state will be released when the electron transitions between excited and unexcited states.
Learn more about electrons here:
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First, we shall calculate the total number of moles present in the final solution.
Number of moles in 0.50 m NaCl = molarity * volume = 0.50 * 3.0 = 1.5 moles.
Number of moles in 0.2777m NaCl = molarity * volume = 0.2777 * 9.0 = 0.24993 moles
Total number of moles = 1.5 + 0.24993 = 1.74993 moles
Second, we shall calculate the total volume of the final solution.
Total volume = 3 + 9 = 12 litres.
The molarity = total number of moles / total volume = 1.74993 / 12 = 0.1458 m
