As of 2009, Sunni Muslims constituted 87–90% of the world's Muslim population-
the Shia believe that leader is called an imam and this "caliph/imam" should be a direct descendant of Mohammed-
and I have no clue on the last one
The correct answer is "to make laws" - answer D. You can see that it's connected to the laws because it's also the name of one of the three branches of the government (the legislative branch) which is responsible for making laws. (the other two : judicial: to judge and executive: to actually govern)
The Electoral College consists of 538 electors. A majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the President.