Answer:
OH, H2O2 and O−2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be defined as highly reactive chemical compounds formed from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS are generated as a normal product of cellular metabolism, and also as a response to different environmental/internal cellular stimuli (e.g., cytokines, xenobiotics, pathogenic invasion). For example, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are a type of ROS generated in the mitochondria which are capable of inducing oxidative stress in different cells and also trigger chronic inflammation. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules represent another type of ROS which are produced during the stereoselective deamination of amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. These molecules (H2O2) exhibit toxic effects on the cell (e.g., DNA damage). Finally, singlet oxygen (1O2) is an excited state of molecular oxygen (O2) that is generated during photosynthesis in the photosystem II (PSII) of chloroplasts.
Answer:
The Miller–Urey experiment (or Miller experiment) was a chemical experiment that simulated the conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth, and tested the chemical origin of life under those conditions. The experiment supported Alexander Oparin's and J. B. S.
Explanation:
Answer:
Option C.
Ocean acidification is the main ecological problem due to mariculture.
Explanation:
- Mariculture also known as the aquaculture that stands for the fish farming occupation.
- The main ecological problem that mariclture addresses is the environmental degradation especially the water pollution.
- Many studies suggests that the tradition of mariculture has been increasing the acidificaton in ocean water that is directly affecting the marine organisms and plants.
- A build up of organic material beneath fish farms impacts the flora and fauna of an area.
- That makes drastic changes on sediment chemistry.
Explanation:
carbon dioxide released during decay.
