Diatomic gases such as H2(g), O2(g), and N2(g) contain ________ bonds.
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The Molecule of Sodium Formate along with Formal Charges (in blue) and lone pair electrons (in red) is attached below.
Sodium Formate is an ionic compound made up of a positive part (Sodium Ion) and a polyatomic anion (Formate).
Nomenclature:
In ionic compounds the positive part is named first. As sodium ion is the positive part hence, it is named first followed by the negative part i.e. formate.
Name of Formate:
Formate ion has been derived from formic acid ( the simplest carboxylic acid). When carboxylic acids looses the acidic proton of -COOH, they are converted into Carboxylate ions.
E.g.
HCOOH (formic acid) → HCOO⁻ (formate) + H⁺
H₃CCOOH (acetic acid) → H₃CCOO⁻ (acetate) + H⁺
Formal Charges:
Formal charges are calculated using following formula,
F.C = [# of Valence e⁻] - [e⁻ in lone pairs + 1/2 # of bonding electrons]
For Oxygen:
F.C = [6] - [6 + 2/2]
F.C = [6] - [6 + 1]
F.C = 6 - 7
F.C = -1
For Sodium:
F.C = [1] - [0 + 0/2]
F.C = [1] - [0]
F.C = 1 - 0
F.C = +1
To create the Lewis structure we need to take into account the octet rule: atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons to complete their valence shell with 8 electrons.
C belongs to Group 4A in the periodic table so it has 4 valence electrons. It needs to share 4 pairs of electrons to complete the octet.
F belongs to Group 7A in the periodic table so it has 7 valence electrons. Each F needs to share 1 pair of electrons to complete the octet.
As a consequence, in CF₄, C will form a single bond with each F and all the octets will be complete.
