Ozone which is present in the stratospheric region of atmosphere is helpful for preventing harmful UV rays from reaching the surface of earth. Due to human activity, several compounds (specifically chlorofluorocarbons) are released in atmosphere. Due to inherent chemical stability of these compounds, the remain stable in lower region of atmosphere and slowly diffuse into stratosphere. On reaching the stratosphere, these compounds reacts with ozone and thereby depletes the effective concentration of ozone present in atmosphere. Hence, <span>the Montreal Protocol was signed in 1987 by major countries of the world. This aim of this protocol was to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.</span>
The partial pressure of NO₂ at equilibrium is 0.70 bar and the partial pressure of N₂O₄, at equilibrium is 0.23 bar.
Let x be the mole fraction of NO₂ and x' be the mole fraction of N₂O₄.
The total pressure according to Dalton's law of partial pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.
Let P be the total pressure of the gases, P' be the partial pressure of NO₂ = 1.4 bar and P" be the partial pressure of N₂O₄ = 0.46 bar.
So, P = P' + P"
= 1.4 bar + 0.46 bar
= 1.86 bar
Since P' = xP
x = P'/P
= 1.4 bar/1.86 bar
= 0.753
Also, P" = xP
x' = P"/P
= 0.46 bar/1.86 bar
= 0.247
Now, since the volume of the container is doubled at constant temperature, we use Boyle's law to determine the new pressure. P₁.
Boyle's law states that the pressure of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume provided the temperature remains constant. It is written mathematicaly as PV = constant
So, PV = P₁V₁
P₁ = (V/V₁)P
Since V/V₁ = 1/2
P₁ = (V/V₁)P
P₁ = P/2
P₁ = 1.86/2 bar
P₁ = 0.93 bar
So, the <u>new</u> partial pressure of NO₂, P₂ = xP₁
= 0.753 × 0.93 bar
= 0.70 bar
The <u>new</u> partial pressure of N₂O₄, P₃ = x'P₁
= 0.247 × 0.93 bar
= 0.23 bar
So, the partial pressure of NO₂ at equilibrium is 0.70 bar and the partial pressure of N₂O₄, at equilibrium is 0.23 bar.
Learn more about partial pressure here:
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The correct answers are given below:
1. Salt water is a liquid solution.
A substance is defined as a liquid solution if it is an homogeneous system in which a solute is dissolved in a liquid solvent. For a liquid solution, more than one compound exist in only one phase. Examples of liquid solution are salt dissolved in water and ethanol dissolved in water.
2. Sterling silver is a solid solution.
A solid solution is a solution that contain a minor constituent, which is distributed uniformly within the crystal lattice of the major component. It is a solid state solution of one or more solutes that are dissolved in a solvent. Thus, a mixture of two crystalline solids exist together in a new crystalline solid.
3. Sugar is a compound.
A compound is said to be formed when two or more elements combine together chemically in order to form a new substance. Such a reaction is usually irreversible and a new substance is usually formed. Sugar such as glucose is consider to be a compound because it was formed from the chemical combination of carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.
4. Air is a gaseous solution.
A substance is said to be a gaseous solution if two or more gases are mixed together in such a way that they become uniformly mixed up. In this case both the solvent and the solute are gases. Gases can only dissolve in gases if they are mixed under specific conditions. An example of gaseous solution is air, in which oxygen and other gases are dissolved in nitrogen.
5. Gold is an element.
An element refers to a substance that is made from only one type of atom. There are different types of elements in existence and gold is one of them. An element is usually made up of the same number of proton and electron, this makes the element to be neutral. An element will undergo chemical reactions with other element based on its chemical properties.
At high temperatures and low pressures
Adding energy can put the reaction in a state of equilibrium because more energy allows the reverse reaction, which is endothermic, to occur along with the forward reaction
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