Ionic bonds occur when electrons are donated from one atom to another. Each type of atom forms a characteristic number of covalentbonds with other atoms. An example of that is a hydrogen atom with one electron in its outer shell forms only one bond, its out most orbital becomes filled with two electrons.
the outermost protons
Answer:
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Explanation:
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a) Assuming this is asking for the minimum speed for the rock to make the full circle, we must find the minimum speed necessary for the rock to continue moving in a circular path when it's at the top of the circle.
At the top of the circle, we have:
- Force of gravity (downward)
*Although the rock is still connected to the string, if the rock is swinging at the minimum speed required, there will be no tension in the string.
Therefore, only the force of gravity produces the net centripetal force:
We can simplify and rearrange the equation to solve for 'v'.
Plugging in values:
b)
Let's do a summation of forces at the bottom of the swing. We have:
- Force due to gravity (downward, -)
- Tension force (upward, +)
The sum of these forces produces a centripetal force, upward (+).
Rearranging for 'T":
Plugging in the appropriate values:
Once energy from the Sun gets to Earth, several things can happen to it:
Energy can be scattered or absorbed by aerosols in the atmosphere. Aerosols are dust, soot, sulfates and nitric oxides. When aerosols absorb energy, the atmosphere becomes warmer. When aerosols scatter energy, the atmosphere is cooled.
Short wavelengths are absorbed by ozone in the stratosphere.
Clouds may act to either reflect energy out to space or absorb energy, trapping it in the atmosphere.
The land and water at Earth's surface may act to either reflect energy or absorb it. Light colored surfaces are more likely to reflect sunlight, while dark surfaces typically absorb the energy, warming the planet.
Albedo is the percentage of the Sun's energy that is reflected back by a surface. Light colored surfaces like ice have a high albedo, while dark colored surfaces tend to have a lower albedo. The buildings and pavement in cities have such a low albedo that cities have been called "heat islands" because they absorb so much energy that they warm up.
The horizontal component of the magnetic field is 12.6 μT.
The magnetic influence on moving electric currents, electric charges, and magnetic materials is described by a magnetic field, which is a vector field. When a charge moves through a magnetic field, a force that is perpendicular to both its own velocity and the magnetic field operates on it.
The horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field is perpendicular to the axis of a circular coil with five turns and a diameter of D = 30.0 cm that is vertically orientated.
A coil current of I = 0.600 A causes a horizontal compass to deflect 45.0° from magnetic north when it is positioned in the coil's center.
Let B be the magnetic field and R be the radius of the circular coil.
Then the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field is given as:
B(h) = B(coil) = μ₀ NI / 2R
B(h) = (4π × 10⁻⁷ ) (5)(0.6) / 0.3
B(h) = 12.6 μT
Learn more about magnetic field here:
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