To determine change in Gibbs Free Energy, we use the equation
ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q
where ΔG is the change in free energy at temperature T
ΔG° is the free energy at standard temperature
R is the universal gas constant
T is the temperature of the system
Q is the reaction quotient
First, we determine the reaction quotient. It is the ratio of the concentration or partial pressure of the products and the reactants. For this case, we do as follow:
<span>P2(g) + 3 Cl2(g) -> 2 PCl3(g)
</span>
<span>Q = P(PCl3) ^2 / (P(P2)(P(Cl2 ^ 3)))
</span>Q = (0.65 atm)^2 / (1.5 atm) (1.6 atm)^3
Q = 0.0688
Substituting to the equation for free energy,
ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln Q
ΔG = -33300 J/mol + (8.314 J/mol-K)(298 K) ln 0.0688
ΔG = -39931.35 J/mol
1) 2
2) 2
3) there are 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen, altogether is 3
4) subscript tells how many atoms of each element are present in the molecule
5) No, it is not balanced because the oxygen atom is not equal on both sides of the reactants and products. This wouldn’t be considered balanced as there are two oxygen atoms in the reactants section and only one oxygen on the products section.
It is:
2 H2 + O2 -> 2 H2O
A. Dalton - John Dalton created the very first atomic theory. Dalton viewed atoms as tiny, solid balls. His atomic theory had 4 statements:
1. Atoms are tiny, invisible particles.
2. Atoms of one element are all the same.
3. Atoms of different elements are different.
4. Compounds form by combining atoms.
B. Thomson - Thompson believed atoms were made mostly out of (+) charged material, like dough in a bun. The (-) charged electrons are found inside the (+) dough.
C. Rutherford - Rutherford discovered protons and the nucleus. He showed that atoms have (+) particles in
the center, and are mostly empty space. He called these (+) particles protons. He called the center of atoms the nucleus.