Answer:
The reaction between amines and carboxylic acids to form amides is biologically important. It is through this reaction that amino acids (molecules containing both amine and carboxylic acid substituents) link together in a polymer to form proteins.
Answer:
1. The half-life is 22 years.
2. 132 years
Explanation:
1. Determination of the the half-life.
The half-life of an element is the time taken for half the element to decay.
From the table given above, the original amount of the element 45 g. If we divide 45 by 2, we'll have 22.5 g as half the original amount of element.
Now, the time taken to obtain 22.5 g as shown from the table is 22 years.
Thus, the half-life the element is 22 years.
2. Determination of the time.
Original amount (N₀) = 308 g
Amount remaining (N) = 4.8125 g
Time (t) =?
Next, we shall the number of half-lives that has elapsed. This can be obtained as follow:
Original amount (N₀) = 308 g
Amount remaining (N) = 4.8125 g
Number of half-lives (n) =?
N = 1/2ⁿ × N₀
4.8125 = 1/2ⁿ × 308
Cross multiply
4.8125 × 2ⁿ = 308
Divide both side by 4.8125
2ⁿ = 308 / 4.8125
2ⁿ = 64
Express 64 in index form with 2 as the base.
2ⁿ = 2⁶
n = 6
Thus, 6 half-lives has elapsed.
Finally, we shall determine the time. This can be obtained as follow:
Number of half-lives (n) = 6
Half-life (t½) = 22 years
Time (t) =?
n = t / t½
6= t / 22 years
Cross multiply
t = 6 ×22
t = 132 years.
Thus, the time taken is 132 years.
In balancing equations, we aim to get equal numbers of every type of atom on both sides of the equation, in order to satisfy the law of conservation of mass (which states that in a chemical reaction, every atom in the reactants is reorganised to form products, without exception). Therefore, let me walk you through question a:
<span>_Fe + _ H2SO4 --> _Fe2 (SO4)3 + _H2
First, take a stock-check of exactly what we currently have on each side (assuming that each _ represents a 1):
LHS: Fe = 1, H = 2, S = 1, O = 4
RHS: Fe = 2, H = 2, S = 3, O = 12,
There are two things to note here. Firstly, H2 (it should be subscript in reality) represents two hydrogen atoms bonded together as part of the ionic compound H2SO4 (sulphuric acid) - this two only applies to the symbol which is directly before it. Hence, H2SO4 only contains 1 sulphur atom, because the 2 applies to the hydrogen and the 4 applies to the oxygen. Secondly, the bracket before the 3 (which should also be subscript) means that there is 3 of everything within the bracket - (SO4)3 contains 3 sulphur atoms and 12 oxygen atoms (4 * 3 = 12).
Now let's start balancing. As a prerequisite, you must keep in mind that we can only add numbers in front of whole molecules, whereas it is not scientifically correct to change the little numbers (we could have two sulphuric acids instead of one, represented by 2H2SO4 (where the 2 would be a normal-sized 2 when written down), but we couldn't change H2SO4 to H3SO4).
The iron atoms can be balanced by having two iron atoms on the left-hand side instead of one:
2Fe </span>+ _ H2SO4 --> _Fe2 (SO4)3 + _H2
Now let's balance the sulphur atoms, by multiplying H2SO4 by 3:
2Fe + 3H2SO4 --> _Fe2 (SO4)3 + _H2
This has the added bonus of automatically balancing the oxygens too. This is because SO4- is an ion, which stays the same in a displacement reaction (which this one is). Take another stock check:
LHS: Fe = 2, H = 6, S = 3, O = 12
RHS: Fe = 2, H = 2, S = 3, O = 12
The only mismatch now is in the hydrogen atoms. This is simple to rectify because H2 appears on its own on the right-hand side. Just multiply H2 by 3 to finish off, and fill the third gap with a 1 because it has not been multiplied up. Alternatively, you can omit the 1 entirely:
2Fe + 3H2SO4 --> Fe2 (SO4)3 + 3H2
This is the balanced symbol equation for the displacement of hydrogen with iron in sulphuric acid.
For question b, I will just show you the stages without the explanation (I take the 3 before B2 to be a mistake, because it makes no sense to use 3B2Br6 when B2Br6 balances fine):
<span>B2 Br6 + _ HNO 3 -->_B(NO3)3 +_HBr
B2Br6 + _HNO3 --> _B(NO3)3 + 6HBr
B2Br6 + 6HNO3 --> _B(NO3)3 + 6HBr</span>
<span><span>B2Br6 + 6HNO3 --> 2B(NO3)3 + 6HBr</span>
Hopefully you can get the others now yourself. I hope this helped
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Answer:
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Explanation:
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The most abundant isotope is the isotope with the mass number the closest to the average atomic mass.
