Answer:
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. the number of protons define the identity of an element
Darwin observed the beaks of the birds and how the different beaks helped the birds to eat different types of seeds.
This relates to natural selection because certain finches with say a smaller shorter beak would be able to eat only smaller seeds and fruits as to where a finch with a longer larger beak could eat larger bigger seeds and fruits.
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They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent.