ANSWER:
London dispersion and hydrogen bonds.
EXPLANATION :
Every molecule experiences London dispersion as an intermolecular force.since the ammonia ion has hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogen,a very electronegative atom,the molecule is also polar since the nitrogen atom more strongly pulls on the electrons from the hydrogen atoms than the hydrogens themselves do.
This effect is similar to that water,where the oxygen pulls the electrons of the hydrogen atoms with a greater magnitude,resulting in the oxygen having a partial negative charge and the hydrogens having a partial positive charge relative to each other.
This polarity shows that the molecule has dipole-dipole intermolecular forces but since the polarity is from a result of highly electronegative atoms (such as nitrogen,oxygen,fluorine) and hydrogen atoms actually bonded to them,the polarity is categorized in it's own intermolecular force called a hydrogen bond.
I HOPE IT HELPS:)
You have to start listing from the bottom :
3. Secondary Consumers
2. Primary Consumers
1. Producer
Answer:
Two electrons
Explanation:
According to the octet rule, atoms must bond to each other, sharing electrons among themselves in an attempt to complete their valence shell (last layer of the electrosphere). In other words, an atom becomes stable when it has 8 electrons in its valence shell.
Oxygen atoms have six electrons in their valence shell, so to achieve the stability suggested by the octet rule (eight electrons), these atoms share two electrons, forming one oxygen gas (O₂) molecule.
What are the variables you have? I can't answer if I don't know? Haha. :)
Gas particles lose their energy during collisions
