The question requires us to explain the differences in radii of neutral atoms, cations and anions.
To answer this question, we need to keep in mind that a neutral atom presents the same number of protons (positive particles) and electrons (negative particles). Another important information is that the protons are located in the nucleus of the atom, while the electrons are around the nucleus. Also, there is an electrostatic force between protons and electrons, which means that they the protons tend to attract the electrons to the nucleus.
While a neutral atom presents the same number of protons and electrons, a cation is an ion with positive charge, which means it has lost one or more electrons. In a cation, the balance between protons and electrons doesn't exist anymore: now, there is more positive than negative charge (more protons than electrons), and the overall attractive force that the protons have for the electrons is increased. As a result, the electrons stay closer to the nucleus and the radius of a cation is smaller than the neutral atom from which it was derived.
On the other side, anions present negative charge, which means they have received electrons. Similarly to cations, the balance between protons and electrons doesn't exist anymore, but in this case, there are more electrons than protons. In an anion, the overall attractive force that the protons have for the electrons is decreased. As a result, the electrons are "more free" to move and, as they are not so attracted to the nucleus, they tend to stay farther from the positive nucleus compared to the neutral atom - because of this, the radius of an anion is larger than the neutral atom from which it was derived.
Answer:
9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 9 electrons.
Explanation:
The particles of the nucleus of an atom of Fluorine-19 is
9 protons, 10 neutrons, and 9 electrons.
<u>Answer:</u> The mass of solid NaOH required is 80 g
<u>Explanation:</u>
Equivalent weight is calculated by dividing the molecular weight by n factor. The equation used is:
where,
n = acidity for bases = 1 (For NaOH)
Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Normality is defined as the umber of gram equivalents dissolved per liter of the solution.
Mathematically,
Or,
......(1)
We are given:
Given mass of NaOH = ?
Equivalent mass of NaOH = 40 g/eq
Volume of solution = 400 mL
Normality of solution = 5 eq/L
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
Hence, the mass of solid NaOH required is 80 g
The answer is B for the apex answer
primarily ionic include = sodium iodide( NaI) , calcium chloride ( CaCl2)
primarily covalent include - Ammonia (NH3) , Methane ( CH4) and
Glucose (C6H12O6)
Explanation
ionic bond is formed when there is complete transfer of electron between atoms. It occur between metal which donate electrons and a non metal which accept electrons.
for example in formation of CaCl2, ca donate 2 electron to 2 Cl atom, while 2 Cl atom accept the 2 electrons to form ionic bond.
Covalent bond is formed when two or more non metal form bond by sharing electrons pairs.
For example in NH3 3 pairs of electron are shared. to form covalent bond.
