Answer:
Copper metal can exist as <em><u>Cu+</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>and </u></em><em><u>Cu2+</u></em><em><u> </u></em>
ions.
The middle is noble gases the first one is alkaline metals and then the last one is the only one left
Answer:

Explanation:
1. Solubility of CaF_2
(a) Molar solubility
CaF₂ ⇌ Ca²⁺ + 2F⁻
![K_{\text{sp }} = \text{[Ca$^{2+}$]}\text{[F$^{-}$]}^{2}= 4.0 \times 10^{-8}\\s(2s)^{2}=4.0 \times 10^{-8}\\4s^{3} = 4.0 \times 10^{-8}\\s^{3} = 1.0 \times 10^{-8}\\s =2.2 \times 10^{-3}\text{ mol/L}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K_%7B%5Ctext%7Bsp%20%7D%7D%20%3D%20%5Ctext%7B%5BCa%24%5E%7B2%2B%7D%24%5D%7D%5Ctext%7B%5BF%24%5E%7B-%7D%24%5D%7D%5E%7B2%7D%3D%204.0%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%5C%5Cs%282s%29%5E%7B2%7D%3D4.0%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%5C%5C4s%5E%7B3%7D%20%3D%204.0%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%5C%5Cs%5E%7B3%7D%20%3D%201.0%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-8%7D%5C%5Cs%20%3D2.2%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-3%7D%5Ctext%7B%20mol%2FL%7D)
(b) Mass solubility

2. pH
pH = -log [H⁺] = -log(3.0 × 10⁻⁴) = 3.52
3. Oxidizing and reducing agents
Zn + Cl₂ ⟶ ZnCl₂

The oxidation number of Cl has decreased from 0 to -1.
Cl has been reduced, so Cl is the oxidizing agent.
4. Oxidation numbers
(a) Al₂O₃

1O = -2; 3O = -6; 2Al = +6; 1Al = +3
(b) XeF₄

1F = -1; 4F = -4; 1 Xe = +4
(c) K₂Cr₂O₇

1K = +1; 2K = +2; 1O = -2; 7O = -14
+2 - 14 = -12
2Cr = + 12; 1 Cr = +6
Answer:
Hypothesis
Explanation:
The following steps are applicable when we wish to prove a specific fact:
- a hypothesis is made; this is a statement that we provide after some observations and we wish to either prove or deny it;
- multiple experiments are carried out in order to gather significantly substantial amount of data that can be then further analyzed and any tendencies can be noticed;
- based on the data gathered, conclusions are made: we either prove or deny the hypothesis. If hypothesis is proved, it may become a theory over long time.
In the context of this problem, we're at the first step where we make a hypothesis.
Answer: Chemical composition modification (or, physical signal would be color).