Answer:
The correct answer would be B. 18 to 26%.
The muscle efficiency is calculated by dividing mechanical work output by total metabolic cost.
It is estimated that human muscles have an efficiency of about 18% to 26%.
The efficiency is low because most of the energy is lost when food energy is converted into ATP (adenosine triphophate).
In addition, there is second energy loss when energy in the form of ATP is converted into the mechanical energy such as rowing, cycling et cetera.
Explanation:
Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
Answer:
1: Body Composition
2: I think it's Fat-free mass because body fat is of course just your body fat and BMI is just your mass times your height.
Explanation:
A feminine, the reason being is that females tend to be more caring and patient than others would tend to be. I hope this is helpful to you <3
Well I'm not going to write it for you but here's an outline:
p1- How did it feel physically? (pain, breathing, etc). How did it feel mentally? (draining, exhausting)
p2- How can you prevent physical reactions to stress? (breathing exercises, eating healthy) Mental reaction? (looking for positives in the situation rather then negative)
