Answer:
a.) 0.5
b.) 0.66
c.) 0.83
Step-by-step explanation:
As given,
Total Number of Batteries in the drawer = 10
Total Number of defective Batteries in the drawer = 4
⇒Total Number of non - defective Batteries in the drawer = 10 - 4 = 6
Now,
As, a sample of 3 is taken at random without replacement.
a.)
Getting exactly one defective battery means -
1 - from defective battery
2 - from non-defective battery
So,
Getting exactly 1 defective battery = ⁴C₁ × ⁶C₂ =
× ![\frac{6!}{2! (6 - 2 )!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6%21%7D%7B2%21%20%286%20-%202%20%29%21%7D)
=
× ![\frac{6!}{2! (4)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6%21%7D%7B2%21%20%284%29%21%7D)
=
× ![\frac{6.5.4!}{2! (4)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6.5.4%21%7D%7B2%21%20%284%29%21%7D)
=
× ![\frac{6.5}{2.1! }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6.5%7D%7B2.1%21%20%7D)
=
×
= 60
Total Number of possibility = ¹⁰C₃ = ![\frac{10!}{3! (10-3)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B10%21%7D%7B3%21%20%2810-3%29%21%7D)
= ![\frac{10!}{3! (7)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B10%21%7D%7B3%21%20%287%29%21%7D)
= ![\frac{10.9.8.7!}{3! (7)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B10.9.8.7%21%7D%7B3%21%20%287%29%21%7D)
= ![\frac{10.9.8}{3.2.1!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B10.9.8%7D%7B3.2.1%21%7D)
= 120
So, probability = ![\frac{60}{120} = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B60%7D%7B120%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%3D%200.5)
b.)
at most one defective battery :
⇒either the defective battery is 1 or 0
If the defective battery is 1 , then 2 non defective
Possibility = ⁴C₁ × ⁶C₂ = 60
If the defective battery is 0 , then 3 non defective
Possibility = ⁴C₀ × ⁶C₃
=
× ![\frac{6!}{3! (6 - 3)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6%21%7D%7B3%21%20%286%20-%203%29%21%7D)
=
× ![\frac{6!}{3! (3)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6%21%7D%7B3%21%20%283%29%21%7D)
= 1 × ![\frac{6.5.4.3!}{3.2.1! (3)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6.5.4.3%21%7D%7B3.2.1%21%20%283%29%21%7D)
= 1× ![\frac{6.5.4}{3.2.1! }](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6.5.4%7D%7B3.2.1%21%20%7D)
= 1 × 20 = 20
getting at most 1 defective battery = 60 + 20 = 80
Probability = ![\frac{80}{120} = \frac{8}{12} = 0.66](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B80%7D%7B120%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B8%7D%7B12%7D%20%3D%200.66)
c.)
at least one defective battery :
⇒either the defective battery is 1 or 2 or 3
If the defective battery is 1 , then 2 non defective
Possibility = ⁴C₁ × ⁶C₂ = 60
If the defective battery is 2 , then 1 non defective
Possibility = ⁴C₂ × ⁶C₁
=
× ![\frac{6!}{1! (6 - 1)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6%21%7D%7B1%21%20%286%20-%201%29%21%7D)
=
× ![\frac{6!}{1! (5)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6%21%7D%7B1%21%20%285%29%21%7D)
=
× ![\frac{6.5!}{1! (5)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6.5%21%7D%7B1%21%20%285%29%21%7D)
=
× ![\frac{6}{1}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6%7D%7B1%7D)
= 6 × 6 = 36
If the defective battery is 3 , then 0 non defective
Possibility = ⁴C₃ × ⁶C₀
=
× ![\frac{6!}{0! (6 - 0)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6%21%7D%7B0%21%20%286%20-%200%29%21%7D)
=
× ![\frac{6!}{(6)!}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B6%21%7D%7B%286%29%21%7D)
=
× 1
= 4×1 = 4
getting at most 1 defective battery = 60 + 36 + 4 = 100
Probability = ![\frac{100}{120} = \frac{10}{12} = 0.83](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B100%7D%7B120%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B10%7D%7B12%7D%20%3D%200.83)