Answer:
pluto
Explanation:
the others are formed from other things
Answer:
For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.
Explanation:
Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.
Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.
Answer:
eukaryotes that ensures that the number of chromosomes will not double from parent to offspring when gametes fuse during fertilisation. Homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I, so the gametes are haploid (n), and each gamete receives only one member of each chromosome pair.
Explanation:
I hope this helps!
Answer:
Respiratory epithelial cells line the respiratory tract from trachea to bronchi into bronchioles and alveolar sacs. ... The goblet cells produce and secrete mucous to trap pathogens and debris within the airway tract. Basal cells are progenitor cells that differentiate into cells types found within the epithelium.
Answer:
Lateral Hypothalamus
Explanation:
According to the hunger researchers' initial assumption lateral hypothalamus is that part of the brain which regulates intake of food and metabolical activities like metabolical regulation of peptides like the orexins melanin-concentrating hormone. It is that part of the brain that plays a key role in the ingestive behavior regulation.
The lateral hypothalamus system initiates physical and cognitive processes like it promotes arousal and feeding behavior, metabolism, regulates body temperature, BP, etc. and when stimulated it results in the feeding behaviour in animals as they begin to eat.
