The answer to this question is: abnormal development of the caudal (tail) vertebrae
Somitogenesis refers to the process during embryo development in which somites form. These somites are cells that will give rise to structures associated with the vertebrae body plan. Somites form sequentially from the head to the tail, where each new somite forms on the caudal or tail region of the previous one.
Somitogenesis represents the first sign of segmentation of the developing vertebrate embryo. During somitogenesis, the unsegmented paraxial or presomitic mesoderm in the trilaminar embryonic stage is segmented in order to form pairs of somites. Moreover, caudal vertebrae refer to the bones that form the tail of vertebrates, which derive from caudal somites.
Embryo hypoxia refers to the condition in which the developing embryo does not receive sufficient oxygen (O2) supply. It has been shown that hypoxia during embryo development can increase the incidence of malformations. In this case, embryo hypoxia affects normal caudal somite segmentation, thereby leading to defects in the caudal (tail) vertebrae.
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It is caused by changes in the suns position in the solar system
The answer would be mitochondria.
Generating heat requires energy, and energy is produced with mitochondria.
Active transport moves molecules and ions from lower concentration to higher concentration with the help of energy in the form of ATP & passive transport moves molecules and ions from a higher concentration to lower concentration without any energy.