Researchers measure the blood flow and oxygen that is transported to the different parts of the brain to actually see and determine the thought process of a person. After many researches and experiments that were conducted by the researchers they finally found the best and precise way to measure the thought process. If a person lacks in the thought process they give tips and tricks to increase the thought process.
Researchers can now see actual thought processes by measuring the increases of blood flow and oxygen to different sections of the brain. i find this topic very interesting and know a lot about it,, so if you have any further questions feel free to let me know id love to help. :)