Antigens are proteins that are found on the surface of the pathogen and are viruses, fungi, or bacteria. Nonliving substances such as toxins, chemicals, drugs, and foreign particles. Antigens are usually carried by proteins and polysaccharides, and less frequently, lipids but it also needs to be attached to a large carrier molecule which is usually a protein. When an antigen enters the body, the immune system produces antibodies against it. The Antigen stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies. YOUR WELCOME ;)
Answer:
In order for polar compounds to enter into the hydrophobic space of phospholipid tails, it would need to break the many <u>hydrogen</u> bonds
Explanation:
In the presence of water, the hydrophobic tails tend to interact with each other, creating a hydrophobic space from which water is excluded and in which other hydrophobic molecules can be trapped, while the polar head interacts with water, and is solvated, preserving the hydrophobic part from all contact with water. For a hydrogen bridge to form, a molecule that has hydrogen attached to an atom of high electronegativity and another molecule that has another electronegative atom with high electron density (that is, a negative partial charge) is required. Water molecules in the bulk of the body of water maintain multiple interactions with other molecules through an extensive network of hydrogen bridges, so for polar compounds to enter, it would be necessary to break many of these bonds.
Answer:
DNA replication is described as semi-conservative.
Explanation:
DNA replication is described as semi-conservative because each double helix formed comprises one strand from the helix from which it was copied and a new strand. That is, the replication of one helix results into two new copies of which each contains one of the original double stranded helix from which it was synthesized.