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podryga [215]
3 years ago
5

Write equations that show the processes that describe the first, second, and third ionization energies for a gaseous gadolinium

atom. Express your answers as chemical equations separated by commas. Identify all of the phases in your answer.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Inessa [10]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Gd(g) → Gd^{+}(g) + e^{-} , Gd^{+}(g)→ Gd^{2+}(g) + e^{-}, Gd^{2+}(g) → Gd^{3+}(g) + e^{-}

Explanation:

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.

The first ionization energy is the energy required to remove the valence electron(outermost) from a neutral atom:

Gd(g)→ Gd^{+}(g) + e^{-}

The second ionization energy is the energy required to remove next/second electron from x^{+} ion. The second ionization energy is always higher than the first:

Gd^{+}(g) → Gd^{2+}(g) + e^{-}

The third ionization energy is the energy required to remove third electron from x^{2+} ion:

Gd^{2+}(g) → Gd^{3+}(g) + e^{-}  

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There are two binary compounds of mercury and oxygen. heating either of them results in the decomposition of the compound, with
grandymaker [24]

\text{Hg} \text{O} and \text{Hg}_{2} \text{O}.

Assuming complete decomposition of both samples,

  • m(\text{Hg}) = m(\text{residure})
  • m(\text{O}) = m(\text{loss})

First compound:

  • m(\text{O}) = m(\text{loss}) = 0.6498 - 0.6018 = 0.048 \; g
  • m(\text{Hg}) = m(\text{residure}) = 0.6018 \; g

n = m/M; 0.6498 \; g of the first compound would contain

  • n(\text{O atoms}) = 0.048 \; g  / 16 \; g \cdot mol^{-1}= 0.003 \; mol
  • n(\text{Hg atoms}) = 0.6018 \; g  / 200.58 \; g \cdot mol^{-1}= 0.003 \; mol

Oxygen and mercury atoms seemingly exist in the first compound at a 1:1 ratio; thus the empirical formula for this compound would be \text{Hg} \text{O} where the subscript "1" is omitted.

Similarly, for the second compound

  • m(\text{O}) = m(\text{loss}) = 0.016 \; g
  • m(\text{Hg}) = m(\text{residure}) = 0.4172 - 0.016 = 0.4012  \; g

n = m/M; 0.4172 \; g of the first compound would contain

  • n(\text{O atoms}) = 0.016 \; g  / 16 \; g \cdot mol^{-1}= 0.001 \; mol
  • n(\text{Hg atoms}) = 0.4012 \; g  / 200.58 \; g \cdot mol^{-1}= 0.002 \; mol

n(\text{Hg}) : n(\text{O}) \approx  2:1 and therefore the empirical formula

\text{Hg}_{2} \text{O}.

8 0
3 years ago
When the potential difference across a lamp is 3.3V the current is 0.15 calculate the resistance of the lamp and give the unit
marissa [1.9K]

Answer:

22Ω

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Potential difference  = 3.3V

Current  = 0.15A

Unknown:

Resistance  = ?

Solution:

According to ohm's law, potential difference, current and resistance are related by the expression below;

             V = I R

where V is the voltage

           I is the current

          R is the resistance

          3.3 = 0.15 x R

             R = \frac{3.3}{0.15}   = 22Ω

6 0
2 years ago
Draw a lewis structure for ketene, c2h2o, which has a carbon–carbon double bond
MrMuchimi

Visual representation of covalent bonding indicating the valence shell electrons in the molecule, lines represents the shared pair of electron and pair of electrons that are not involved in bonding are represented as dots(lone pairs) are known as Lewis structures.

Compound formation takes place in order to complete the octet of each element that is according to octet rule, each atom forms bond with other atom in order to complete their octet that is to get eight electrons in its valence shell and attain stability.

An organic compound of the form R^{'}R^{''}C=C=O is known as ketene.

The given ketene is C_2H_2O.

The number of valence electron of:

C = 4

H = 1

O = 6

The number of valence electrons in C_2H_2O = 2\times 4+2\times 1+1\times 6 =16

2 electrons are involved in each single bond between carbon and hydrogen and 4 electrons are involved in each double bond formed between carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen. Hence, the total number of electrons involved in bond formation are 12 and rest 2 pair of electrons are present on oxygen as lone pair of electrons.

Therefore, the attached image is the Lewis structure of C_2H_2O .

8 0
3 years ago
When atoms react they form a chemical bond which is defined as?
Jet001 [13]
A force of attraction that holds atom together
When atoms react they form a chemical bond which is defined as a force of attraction that holds atom together. A force of attraction is defined as a kind of force that draws two or more objects together regardless of distance. There are two major categories of forces of attraction, one is intramolecular and intermolecular. Intramolecular forces is the presence of forces in atoms internally. While intermolecular is the force by which the force that is existent in two or more elements.



8 0
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Lina has worked hard to gather data for her experiments. With her last set of data she received, she is ready to publish her pap
nika2105 [10]

43.8 has 3 significant figures and 1 decimal.

<h3 /><h3>What are significant figures?</h3>

The term significant figures refer to the number of important single digits (0 through 9 inclusive) in the coefficient of an expression in scientific notation.

All zeros that occur between any two non-zero digits are significant. For example, 108.0097 contains seven significant digits. All zeros that are on the right of a decimal point and also to the left of a non-zero digit are never significant. For example, 0.00798 contained three significant digits.

Hence, 43.8 has 3 significant figures and 1 decimal.

Learn more about significant figures here:

brainly.com/question/14359464

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8 0
1 year ago
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