When looking at this question, we can easily start by eliminating certain answers. In the selections you've provided, you've shown atmosphere. We can easily eliminate letter A, as that makes absolutely no sense. Moving on, you also eliminate letter B, as that deals with ecosystems and whatnot. And finally, you can eliminate hydrosphere, letter C - as that's not the same. That deals with water, like oceans or rivers.
That leaves you with D) Lithosphere for your answer. The Lithosphere is the rigid part of the earth, the outermost layer, I would say. The crust / mantle. That's why it would be letter D - plate tectonics seem to have relations with the Lithosphere. The lithosphere is affected.
The period T of a pendulum is given by:
where L is the length of the pendulum while
is the gravitational acceleration.
In the pendulum of the problem, one complete vibration takes exactly 0.200 s, this means its period is
. Using this data, we can solve the previous formula to find L:
The absolute pressure is given by the equation,
Here, 
is absolute pressure,
is atmospheric pressure and 
is vacuum pressure.
Therefore,
The gage pressure is given by the equation,
.
Thus,
.
In kn/m^2,
The absolute pressure,
The gage pressure,
.
In lbf/in2
The absolute pressure,
The gage pressure,
In psi,
The absolute pressure,
.
The gage pressure,
In mm Hg
The absolute pressure,
The gage pressure,
Answer:
Relative to the ground, the velocity of the aircraft is 240 km/hr
Explanation:
Relative velocity is different from normal velocity;
When 2 objects are moving in opposite directions towards each other, they will appear to be faster than they actually are;
This is known as the relative velocity;
The information tells us we have the aircraft moving 320 km/hr northwards relative to the wind;
The wind is in the opposite direction at 80 km/hr;
R = relative velocity of the aircraft
v = actual velocity of the aircraft
w = velocity of the wind
R = v + w
Note: if the wind was moving in the same direction, the formula would be R = v - w
320 = v + 80
v = 320 - 80
v = 240
The velocity relative to the ground is simply the actual velocity as the ground doesn't move;
So, relative to the ground, the velocity of the aircraft is simply 240 km/hr
