Answer:
B. R is dominant to r, and Rr individuals are red.
Explanation:
In genetics the dominant allele is represented by the uppercase letter and the recessive allele is represented by the lower case letter. A dominant allele always shows its dominance over the recessive allele. So in heterozygous condition dominant allele will reflects itself in the phenotype.
Here allele of red color allele is in capital letter and alleles of green color are shown in lower case which means R allele is the dominant allele and r is the recessive allele. Therefore R is dominant to r and in homozygous condition(Rr) red individual will be formed. So the right answer is B.
Answer:
The flow chart for the cortisol steroid hormone is as follows:
1. Cortisol passes through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm.
2. Cortisol receptor complex form in the cytoplasm.
3. Cortisol receptor complex enter the nucleus where it binds to gene.
4. Cortisol receptor complex acts as transcription factor.
5. The tranacribed mRNA is translated into specific protein.
Explanation:
Cortisol is small which is hydrophobic steroid hormone which has the ability to move through the plasma membrane of the cells. In the target cells the cortisol binds with the intracellular receptor protein of the cytoplasm which further forms a hormone receptor complex. The hormone receptor complex further moves into the nucleus ad hence acts as a transcription factor which gets bind to the specific gene and thus, activates the transcription into mRNA. The mRNA which is generated subsequently translated into some specific proteins. Proteins which has been produced with response to the cortisol signal function to the stress response.
We know that each parent must give one trait to a child. If that is the case, then the women has a probability of giving either an A or a B gene (since she is heterozygous AB). In order to have an A child, the child must have a genotype of either Ai (heterozygous A), or a AA (homozygous A). Since we know that the mother gave an A gene, we are now only looking for either an 'i' (recessive: stands for blood type O), or an A. Since the choices shows the phenotypes of the possible father, then their genotype could be homozygous or heterozygous (since the phenotype does not show whether an organism has a recessive gene if it's heterozygous). If that is the case, then all of them could be the father of the child.
Proof:
for letter A: mother Ai or AA x father AA or Ai = possible offspring are: AA, Ai, or ii
B) mother Ai or AA x father Bi = AB, Ai, Bi, ii
C) mother Ai or AA x father ii = Ai, ii
D) mother Ai or AA x father AB = AA, AB, Ai, B
All of them have the probability of having an A child.